A Study Of Factors In The Occurrence Of Cleft Palate

Epidemiology underpinning research in the aetiology of orofacial clefts*

“…Occurrence rates of OFC are also found to be greater in still births (SB) than in live births (LB). For example (9) in a study of whites in Iowa found a prevalence of 6.43 per 1000 SB vs. 2.16 per 1000 LB, and in a study of for blacks, Mexicans and whites (10), the rates reported were 2.72 per 1000 SB vs. 0.91 per 1000 LB. It is also noteworthy that in a Hungarian study of SB vs. LB (11), there was a sevenfold increase for CP (2.38 per 1000 in SB vs. 0.36 per 1000 in LB) and a threefold increase for CL/P (3.17 per 1000 in SB vs. 1.15 per 1000 in LB).…”

Anthropometric Analysis of the Velopharynx and Related Craniometric Dimensions in Three Adult Populations Using MRI

“…Incidence reports for white individuals range from 0.95 to 2.22 per 1000 (e.g., Ivey, 1962; Hay, 1971; Saxen, 1975). Black individuals have been consistently shown to demonstrate a lower incidence compared with other racial groups, ranging from 0.18 to 1.67 per 1000 (Lutz and Moor, 1955; Iregbulem, 1982). Studies examining Japanese individuals with residency in the United States reported incidence ranging from 1.97 to 2.65 per 1000 (Emanuel et al, 1973; Ching and Chung, 1974).…”

Spontaneous Malformations in Squirrel Monkey (Saimiri sciureus) Fetuses with Emphasis on Cleft Lip and Palate

“…Although reports involving man with cleft defects do not completely agree [8,12], Pannbacker [13] indicates that cases of cleft defects with additional anomalies may be slightly higher in females than in males. Mal formations including eye abnormalities are frequently seen as additional anomalies in humans with cleft lip and palate [13,14], Koford et al [10] found multiple anomalies in a female rhesus neonate; among these were right anophthalmos and right hemiatrophy of the face, palate, and tongue.…”