A study of foramen magnum and its clinical relevance

Kumar, Arjun; Potdar, Pratishtha; Singh, Kunal; Dhakar, Jagmohan Singh

doi:10.18231/j.sujhs.2019.015

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…As our study demonstrates, the foramen magnum's most prevalent shapes were oval and round, mirroring the results of previous research (Garcia et al, 2011). Similarly, the occipital condyle shapes noted in our sample -kidney, oval, 8-like, S-like, ring-like, and triangularalign with the shapes identified in other studies (Kumar et al, 2019) (Ozer et al, 2011), though there was a discrepancy in the most common shape, with our study identifying the kidney shape as the most common, in contrast to the oval-like shape identified by Ozer et al…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Computed Tomography-Based Analysis of Foramen Magnum and Occipital Condyles in adult Nigerians: An Anatomical Study

Muhammad,

Ahmad,

ZYOUD

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background: Precise identification of craniometric points is pivotal in forensic and anthropological research for reliable and accurate gender determination. The foramen magnum and occipital condyles' morphology offers valuable data for this purpose. Aim: The study aimed to determine variations in the morphology of the foramen magnum and occipital condyles among a population of 100 individuals, using advanced Computed Tomography (CT) scan technology. Methods: We assessed a prospective cohort of 100 individuals who underwent cranial CT scans. The study focused on the morphological variations of the foramen magnum and occipital condyles, recording shapes such as oval, round, egg, tetragon, pentagon, hexagon, and irregular for the foramen magnum, and kidney-type, oval, S-like, 8-like, ring-like, and triangular for the occipital condyles. Results: Notably, males demonstrated higher measurement values for most parameters, with the exception of the width of the occipital condyle, where females presented larger dimensions. Furthermore, a strong positive correlation was observed between the measurements of the foramen magnum (length and width) and specific parameters of the occipital condyles. Conclusions: The study underscores the utility of foramen magnum dimensions, especially length, as a determinant in gender identification, with a success rate of 68% in the studied population. This research enhances our understanding of cranial morphology and its applications in forensic and anthropological investigations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Computed Tomography-Based Analysis of Foramen Magnum and Occipital Condyles in adult Nigerians: An Anatomical Study

Muhammad,

Ahmad,

ZYOUD

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Shifankandey et al found mostly oval or circular FM in their study, which is similar to our study [9]. Arjun Kumar et al along with the normal shapes found diamondshaped FM in their study [10].…”

Section: Shape Of Foramen Magnumsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Amit Singh Bharati et al found that AP diameter mean was 30 mm, SD 2.35 mm, the range was 24-37 mm, the TD mean was 26.1 mm, SD 2.13 mm 1, the range was 23-29 mm, FM index mean was 87.332 mm, SD 8.20 range was 75-100 mm,[5] and these readings were lesser than the readings in our study.Rajanisingh et al noted in their study that the AP diameter mean was 33.8 mm, SD 2.5 mm, mode was 34 mm, median was35 mm, TD mean was 28.2 mm, SD 2.6 mm, mode was 28 mm median was 30 mm, FM index mean was 1.21 mm, SD 0.11 mm[6], and comparatively these readings were similar to our study. Arjun Kumar et al found that AP diameter mean was 34.08 mm, SD2.25 mm, the range was 32.25-36.25 mm, TD mean was 28.17 mm, SD 2.85 mm, the range of 25.75-30.75 mm, p-value of APD<0.001 mm, p-value of TD<0.0 mm[10].FM index was calculated in our study; the mean was 1.23414 mm, SD was 0.095318 mm, these readings were similar to Sanjuktasahoo et al,Rajanisingh et al, and Sanjaykumarrevankar et al…”

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confidence: 98%

Foramen Magnum – A Study on Its Morphometry Among the South Indian Population

DIANA,

AK,

REMITH

et al. 2024

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

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Objective: Foramen magnum is an oval opening present in the median region of the posterior cranial fossa of the occipital bone. The lower end of the medulla, meninges, spinal arteries, and spinal roots of accessory nerve pass through the foramen. Morphometry of the foramen magnum is studied for better learning of the structure, but this study helps in planning a safe surgery and exploration in the head-and-neck region. Various surgical approaches of the foramen provide access to the foramina on the base of the skull and prevent broad retraction of the neurovascular structures passing through them, so the morphometric study plays an important role in transcondylar approach. Methods: Fifty dry human skulls available in the Department of Anatomy, Amala Medical College and Hospital, and also at Jubilee Medical College and Hospital, Thrissur were studied for this research work, and results were statistically analyzed. Results: The most common shape of the foramen magnum was oval, the mean of anteroposterior diameter was greater than the mean of transverse diameter, p-value of the diameters was found to be significant, p-value of the mean of foramen magnum index was significant. Conclusion: This study will help the surgeons to effectively plan a surgery at the head and neck site

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Morphometrics of human skulls and mandibles obtained from Southwestern Nigeria: implications in clinical manoeuvres

Femi-Akinlosotu,

Igado,

Adeniji

2024

JoBAZ

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Background Craniometric data can be useful in the estimation of sex, age, stature, and ethnicity. Despite Nigeria’s diverse and multifaceted demography, there is a dearth of information on detailed morphometry of specific features of the Nigerian cranium. This study sought to provide detailed descriptions of various dimensions on the Nigerian mandibular bone, nose, foramen magnum, and orbit for use in clinico-anatomical studies, dentistry, anthropology, and forensic medicine. Using 33 skulls and 17 mandibles, without gender bias, obtained from the departmental museum, 17 parameters were measured linearly on each mandible and thirty-six parameters on each skull using a digital Vernier calliper. Mean and standard deviation of data sets generated were analysed using t-test at p < 0.05. Results The distance between the cranial and caudal angles of the mandible was 3.48 ± 0.21 mm. The distance from the rostral point of the dental bone to the condylar, coronoid, and angular processes was 4.86 ± 0.25 mm, 2.64 ± 0.52 mm, and 3.72 ± 0.30 mm, respectively. The distance between the most medial points of the most rostral left & right mental foramina in the skulls was 4.51 ± 0.17 mm. The distance between the most medial points of the most rostral left & right mental foramina in the skulls was 4.51 ± 0.17 mm. Most orbit skull types were megaseme in nearly 61%, and orbital asymmetry was also observed. However, the right orbit (26.07 ± 2.106) was significantly higher (p < 0.0001) than left orbit (24.80 ± 1.850). The most common shape of the foramen magnum was the oval-like foramen (78%). The common nose types were platyrrhine in 50% and mesorrhine in 26%. Conclusion Insights from this study might provide practical reference information for mandibular and orbital reconstructive surgeries in clinical settings, skull classification in forensic science, and research purposes.

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A study of foramen magnum and its clinical relevance

Cited by 3 publications

References 10 publications

Computed Tomography-Based Analysis of Foramen Magnum and Occipital Condyles in adult Nigerians: An Anatomical Study

Computed Tomography-Based Analysis of Foramen Magnum and Occipital Condyles in adult Nigerians: An Anatomical Study

Foramen Magnum – A Study on Its Morphometry Among the South Indian Population

Morphometrics of human skulls and mandibles obtained from Southwestern Nigeria: implications in clinical manoeuvres

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