A Study of Fuel Additives for Direct Injection Gasoline (DIG) Injector Deposit Control

Aradi, Allen A.; Colucci, William; Scull, Herbert M.; Openshaw, Martin J.

doi:10.4271/2000-01-2020

Cited by 45 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…It increased and then stabilized at the end of the 30 hours test. After stabilization, it was considered that the injectors had reached a run-in condition where deposit formation and removal rates were in equilibrium, according to the injector plugging kinetic model proposed by Aradi et al [22]. The injection duration increased while maintaining a constant fuel injection quantity due to a reduction in effective flow rate through the fuel injectors.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mitigation methods for GDI injector tip deposit have been widely explored in 6 literature [7][8][9][10][22][23][24][25]. There were mainly three ways to mitigate injector deposits: detergents, injector designs and engine designs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies showed that some of the detergents could efficiently remove injector tip deposit [9,10,22]. Injector tip deposit formation could be mitigated by reducing injector tip temperature since the deposit formation is closely related to injector tip temperature [7,8,18,22,23]. Thus by adding insulating material on the injector to reduce heat transfer from engine cylinder [24] or using coating to conduct heat away [25], the temperature of the injector could be reduced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effect of fuel injector deposit on spray characteristics, gaseous emissions and particulate matter in a gasoline direct injection engine

Jiang

Srivastava

et al. 2017

Applied Energy

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effect of fuel injector deposit on spray characteristics, gaseous emissions and particulate matter in a gasoline direct injection engine

Jiang

Srivastava

et al. 2017

Applied Energy

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“…By changing the composition of the fuel blend and increasing its overall volatility, fouling was also promoted, as was increasing the olefin content. In later work of Aradi et al [18,19] they showed that the formation of injector deposits can be controlled by the use of fuel additives. Depending on the detergent type, they were able to reverse or avoid any injector flow loss caused by fouling.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Detailed information on this topic can however be found in the literature. [18,19,22,23,24] One pressing issue associated with injector fouling is the increase of engine out emissions, which is a concern for direct injection systems. Arters et al [23] performed vehicle and laboratory tests.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Injector Fouling and Its Impact on Engine Emissions and Spray Characteristics in Gasoline Direct Injection Engines

Henkel

Hardalupas

Taylor

et al. 2017

SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr.

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Unlike in port fuel injection (PFI) systems, gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines deliver fuel directly into the combustion chamber. This opens up the possibility of new injection strategies and can improve efficiency and fuel consumption, especially under partial load [1,2,3]. An additional advantage is the so-called stratified charge operation, which allows adjustment of the injection and ignition timings of the engine, to further optimise engine operation [4]. In addition, the charge cooling effect observed during fuel injection allows for the use of higher compression ratios, with reduced risk of knocking. These benefits are gaining more attention with the continuing trend of downsizing and super-or turbocharging of engines, due to increasingly strict emissions regulations [5,6,7]. Additional benefits of GDI are the option to completely shut-off fuel supply while coasting [8] and improved cold start behaviour compared to PFI engines [9,10].One major challenge of the GDI concept, however, is the potential for increased formation of particulate emissions. Recent emissions legislations such as EURO 6 in Europe and LEV III (Low Emissions Vehicle Program) in the US pose very strict limitations on particle number and mass (PM) concentrations [11,12]. Methods to control particulate emissions from GDI engines are therefore important.Introduction of an injector into the combustion chamber of a GDI engine results in direct exposure of the injector tip to the harsh conditions occurring during combustion. Because the flame directly interacts with the nozzle, combustion products can be deposited on the surface and inside cavities. This is usually referred to as injector fouling or coking and can have an adverse effect on fuel consumption, engine performance and both hydrocarbons and particulate emissions. Formation of deposits on the injector tip can result in alteration of spray pattern leading to increased spray impingement and therefore increased particulate emissions [13,14,15,16].The phenomenon of injector fouling and how it is influenced by fuel and engine parameters was the focus of a number of studies. Aradi et al. [17] investigated different fuel blends under several conditions in a four cylinder engine. They used rich fuel-to-air ratios in order to promote fouling. By measuring the temperature of the injector tip with an internal sensor, they saw that with increasing temperature Injector Fouling and Its Impact on Engine Emissions and Spray Characteristics in Gasoline Direct Injection Engines ABSTRACTIn Gasoline Direct Injection engines, direct exposure of the injector to the flame can cause combustion products to accumulate on the nozzle, which can result in increased particulate emissions. This research observes the impact of injector fouling on particulate emissions and the associated injector spray pattern and shows how both can be reversed by utilising fuel detergency. For this purpose multi-hole injectors were deliberately fouled in a four-cylinder test engine with two different base fuels. During a fo...

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Fuel Additives

Pal¹,

Hancsók²

2014

Fuels and Fuel‐Additives

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A Study of Fuel Additives for Direct Injection Gasoline (DIG) Injector Deposit Control

Cited by 45 publications

References 11 publications

Effect of fuel injector deposit on spray characteristics, gaseous emissions and particulate matter in a gasoline direct injection engine

Effect of fuel injector deposit on spray characteristics, gaseous emissions and particulate matter in a gasoline direct injection engine

Injector Fouling and Its Impact on Engine Emissions and Spray Characteristics in Gasoline Direct Injection Engines

Fuel Additives

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