A study of high-energy proton induced damage in cerium fluoride in comparison with measurements in lead tungstate calorimeter crystals

Abstract

A CeF 3 crystal produced during early R&D studies for calorimetry at the CERN Large Hadron Collider was exposed to a 24 GeV/c proton fluence Φ p = (2.78±0.20)×10 13 cm −2 and, after one year of measurements tracking its recovery, to a fluence Φ p = (2.12 ± 0.15) × 10 14 cm −2 . Results on protoninduced damage to the crystal and its spontaneous recovery after both irradiations are presented here, along with some new, complementary data on proton-damage in Lead Tungstate. A comparison with FLUKA Monte Carlo simulation results is performed and a qualitative understanding of high-energy damage mechanism is attempted.

Response evolution of the CMS ECAL and R&D studies for electromagnetic calorimetry at the high-luminosity LHC

“…In-beam studies of hadron-irradiated crystal matrices Lead Tungstate crystals of EE dimensions, and of a quality fulfilling the Technical Specifications for CMS construction, were irradiated up to various integrated fluences with 24 GeV/c protons. The induced absorption values observed are in agreement with results obtained for EB type crystals [18] from two producers, the Bogoroditzk Techno-Chemical Plant (BTCP) and the Shanghai Institute of Ceramics (SIC), as shown in Fig. 3.…”

“…The evident correlation proves that a fraction of the signal loss is due to a change in crystal transmission from ionizing damage, in that channels with radiation harder crystals (smaller µ std values) exhibit a smaller loss amplitude Induced absorption coefficients versus proton fluence for Lead Tungstate crystals of CMS EE quality and dimensions, superposed to values for EB type crystals from [18].…”

“…R&D WORK ON CALORIMETRY AT THE HL-LHC Several options are being studied, for the case that an upgrade of the ECAL end caps became necessary for HL-LHC running, as mentioned already in [14]. Ongoing R&D work in collaborating institutes concern scintillating crystals such as LYSO [24], [25], YSO, LuAG [26], Cerium Fluoride [18], while the design options considered include homogeneous calorimetry, as well as a sampling calorimeter. It is worth mentioning here, that some scintillators have already been identified, that are extremely radiation hard, while mass production and cost issues are further elements to be taken into account.…”

Proof-of-principle of a new geometry for sampling calorimetry using inorganic scintillator plates

“…In this paper, a study has been performed, in order to to show that this concept is working for cerium fluoride (CeF 3 ) [2] used as the scintillating material. For the test, a CeF 3 crystal has been prepared, with a 3 mm wide and depolished chamfer, as visible in Fig.…”

Developing an Interactive Intervention Planner - A Systems Engineering Perspective

“…At CERN, the FLUKA Monte Carlo simulation package [13,14] is used for radiation protection studies, as FLUKA has its roots in this field and is thus the most appropriate choice for these studies [15]. FLUKA is well benchmarked in this area [16][17][18][19][20]. It will thus be necessary for our application to be able to deal with data that is the output of a FLUKA simulation, and with the geometry data that is given as input to FLUKA.…”