A Study of High-Frequency Regenerative Frequency Dividers

Abstract

− − − − A comprehensive analytical study of high-frequency regenerative frequency dividers (RFD) is presented. The study includes two fundamental modes of operation in RFDs, namely stable and pulled operation modes. Differential equations characterizing the RFD behavior for both operation modes are derived. Next, an RFD circuit is designed and simulated in a 0.18µ µ µ µm standard CMOS process. Simulations verify the accuracy of the proposed analytical models.

A D-band divide-by-6 injection-locked frequency divider with Lange-coupler feedback architecture in 0.13 µm SiGe HBT

“…The studies on frequency divider are performed in a number of publications to increase the maximum operation frequency and reduce the power consumption [10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22]. Generally, the high-speed frequency dividers can be classified into: Miller regenerative frequency divider [10,11,12,13,14], current-mode logic (CML) static frequency divider [15,16] and injection-locked type [17,18,19,20,21,22]. Regenerative frequency dividers are widely used in high frequency and wide bandwidth applications.…”

“…However, the circuit topology will get more complex, as well as the power consumption higher, due to the introducing of the frequency multiplication sub-circuit in feedback loop. A static frequency divider usually realized with CML, as depicted in [14], is an interesting alternative for millimeter-wave applications through semiconductor technology scaling. Similarly, the power consumption enormously increases with the increasing of the operation frequency.…”