A study of hurdles in mass treatment of schistosomiasis in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Randjelovic, Ana; Frønæs, Synne Grønvold; Munsami, M; Kvalsvig, Jane; Zulu, Siphosenkosi Gift; Gagai, Silindile; Maphumulo, A; Sandvik, Leiv; Gundersen, Svein Gunnar; Kjetland, Eyrun Floerecke; Taylor, Myra

doi:10.1080/20786190.2014.978121

Cited by 24 publications

(54 citation statements)

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“…Of the 49.2 million children treated, 43.3 million (83.4%) were in the African region [5]. The number of people needing annual treatment in South Africa was recently indicated to be 5.2 million [6]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prevalence of 68% and 16.6% were reported in 1998 in the northernmost part and southernmost part of the district, respectively [23, 26]. A study conducted in 2011 in the Ugu district of KwaZulu-Natal reported that 44.3% of school going children were reached during a mass treatment campaign implemented by the provincial Department of Health [6]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficacy of praziquantel on Schistosoma haematobium and re-infection rates among school-going children in the Ndumo area of uMkhanyakude district, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

et al. 2017

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BackgroundDespite its low cure rates and possible resistance, praziquantel (PZQ) is the only drug available for schistosomiasis treatment. Hence, monitoring its efficacy is crucial. This study assessed the efficacy of PZQ, determined re-infection and incidence rates of Schistosoma haematobium infection among school-going children in the Ndumo area, KwaZulu-Natal.MethodsA cohort of 320 school-going children (10 – 15 years) in 10 primary schools was screened for S. haematobium infection using the filtration technique. Infected children were treated at different times and hence were divided into two sub-cohorts; A1 and A2. Non-infected children constituted the sub-cohort B. Children who continued excreting viable eggs 4 weeks post-treatment received a second dose of PZQ. Re-infection rates were determined in sub-cohort A1 and A2 at 28 and 20 weeks post-treatment, respectively. Cure rates (CR) and egg reduction rates (ERR) were calculated. Incidence rate was assessed 28 weeks post baseline survey using children that were negative for schistosome eggs at that survey. Analysis of data was done using the Chi square and the Wilcoxon rank test. A 95% confidence interval with a P-value < 0.05 determined significance.ResultsAt baseline, 120 (37.5%) of the 320 study participants were found infected with Schistosoma haematobium. Heavy infections accounted for 36.7%. The calculated cure rates were 88.07% and 82.92% for females and males, respectively. Egg Reduction Rates of 80% and 64% for females and males were observed 4 weeks after the initial treatment. After the second treatment, CR was 100% in females and 50% in males with an ERR of 100% in females and 70% in males. At 20 and 28 weeks post treatment, reinfection rates of 8.03% and 8.00% were observed, respectively, giving an overall rate of 8.1%. An incidence rate of 4.1% was observed 28 weeks after the baseline screening.ConclusionsThe study indicated high CR while the ERR was low suggesting a reduced PZQ efficacy. The efficacy improved among females after the second dose. Re-infection rates at 20 and 28 weeks post-treatment were low. The study also indicated a low incidence rate for the 28 weeks period.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40249-017-0293-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of praziquantel on Schistosoma haematobium and re-infection rates among school-going children in the Ndumo area of uMkhanyakude district, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

et al. 2017

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“…In 2011, 16.1% of the district's total population did not have access to piped water, and people relied on unsafe water from nearby rivers. [15] The area has a subtropical climate, characterised by hot and humid summers (December through April), and dry and cool winters (June through August) (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Study Population Area and Climatementioning

confidence: 99%

“…No urine sample provided (n=11) [15,18] The participants were included only if a guardian gave written consent and the participant assented. Antihelminthic treatment was delayed owing to lack of access to praziquantel.…”

Section: Ethical Approvalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal variations in Schistosoma haematobium egg excretion in school-age girls in rural KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa

et al. 2018

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This unique study shows that schistosomiasis prevalence determined by microscopy exhibits seasonal variation, with a higher prevalence in the hot rainy season. Precise community prevalence estimations are key in decisions to treat communities. There was significantly lower egg output in the cold season, and sampling in that season may therefore underestimate the prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis. The study indicates that sampling in SA should be done in the hot season.

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Spatial distribution, abundance, and infection rates of human schistosome-transmitting snails and related physicochemical parameters in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) province, South Africa

Nwoko¹,

Manyangadze²,

Chimbari³

2023

Heliyon

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A study of hurdles in mass treatment of schistosomiasis in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Cited by 24 publications

References 10 publications

Efficacy of praziquantel on Schistosoma haematobium and re-infection rates among school-going children in the Ndumo area of uMkhanyakude district, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Efficacy of praziquantel on Schistosoma haematobium and re-infection rates among school-going children in the Ndumo area of uMkhanyakude district, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Seasonal variations in Schistosoma haematobium egg excretion in school-age girls in rural KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa

Spatial distribution, abundance, and infection rates of human schistosome-transmitting snails and related physicochemical parameters in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) province, South Africa

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