A Study of Ice Break and Ice Flow During River Ice Breakup

Abstract

It is important to clarify the formation, break and flow of river ice on frozen rivers. The aim of this study is to clarify ice break and flow phenomena during river ice breakup, as these phenomena are the initial stages of ice jam. With regard to the break of river ice, we developed a method of judging ice break by comparing the stress caused by the flowing water and flowing ice, and the allowable bending stress of the river ice. The ice flow is expressed using the continuity equation that considers the change in amount of ice, and the equation of motion that considers the effect of the flowing water. This one-dimensional mathematical model showed that although there is a problem with the reproducibility of ice jam, it is possible to reproduce ice break and flow phenomena by comparing the freezing conditions from the results of the calculations, with those of aerial images of the actual river.

The international river interface cooperative: Public domain flow and morphodynamics software for education and applications

“…(Yoshikawa et al, 2012a,b), and the model was later improved to create a one-dimensional solver for iRIC . CERI1D is capable of calculating one-dimensional (cross-sectionally averaged) river flow, predicting river ice thickness (Yoshikawa et al, 2012a) and tsunami propagation into rivers (Yoshikawa et al, 2012b).…”

Experimental study on formation characteristics and influence of ice jam in melting period

“…Beltaos et al [17] studied the influence of flow on bridge piers during the river melting period. Yoshikawa et al [18] studied the flow and transit phenomenon during the melting period and developed a one-dimensional mathematical model to calculate the ability of ice dam generation. Zhang et al [19] predicted the change of velocity and water elevation caused by ice dam by determining the comprehensive roughness of ice dam.…”