A study of in vivo degradation of two vital home bleaching gels

Peña, Vı́ctor Alonso de la; Carreira, Alfredo Rodriguez; Aneiros, Rubén Corral; López-Ratón, Mónica; Rivera, Francisco Guitián

doi:10.4012/dmj.2012-317

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…It is known that peroxide bioavailability decreases overtime and gels decomposition is more expressive in the first minutes of bleaching procedure 5,6 . The HP concentration in bleaching gels degrade about 50%–60% after 60 min, depending on the bleaching system composition, 5,6 and this might interfere on tooth color difference.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One‐year follow‐up comparing at‐home bleaching systems outcomes and the impact on patient's satisfaction: Randomized clinical trial

Mailart

Sakassegawa

Santos

et al. 2021

J Esthet Restor Dent

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Objective: To compare at-home systems with reduced daily time of use (10% hydrogen peroxide [HP] gel with prefilled (PT) or customized trays (CT), and 10% carbamide peroxide [CP] gel), with the conventional nightguard vital bleaching (10% CP).Bleaching efficacy, adverse effects, and patient's satisfaction were evaluated. Methods: Sixty participants were randomly divided into treatments (14 days): Opalescence GO (OGO)-10%HP PT-30 min, White Class-10%HP CT-30 min, Opalescence PF-10%CP CT-2 h, and Opalescence PF-10%CP CT-8 h. Color difference (visual and spectrophotometer), tooth sensitivity (visual analogue scale), gingival condition (Löe index), enamel mineralization (laser fluorescence), and patients' satisfaction (questionnaire) were assessed. Statistical tests were applied (5%).Results: After 1 year, color difference was similar for the groups (p > 0.05). All groups showed similar sensitivity risk (p > 0.05). The intensity of sensitivity and gingival irritation was mild for all gels, but higher for OGO. Fluorescence after bleaching remained similar to those of sound enamel. All participants were satisfied with treatments.Conclusions: All systems produced similar bleaching efficacy, which was maintained after 1 year. Patients were satisfied with bleaching outcomes. Tooth sensitivity occurred in all groups, but with overall mild intensity. No relevant gingival irritation and enamel demineralization was observed.Clinical significance: Bleaching with 10% HP gels in prefilled and CTs represent efficacious alternative for tooth color change, with patients' acceptance similar to conventional 10% CP. Patients must be warned about the mild sensitivity and gingival irritation potential, mainly with PTs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One‐year follow‐up comparing at‐home bleaching systems outcomes and the impact on patient's satisfaction: Randomized clinical trial

Mailart

Sakassegawa

Santos

et al. 2021

J Esthet Restor Dent

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“…The bleaching agents most used are carbamide peroxide and hydrogen peroxide. The active substance responsible for tooth bleaching is hydrogen peroxide, considering that carbamide peroxide, when active during bleaching, breaks and produces hydrogen peroxide and urea (Alonso De La Peña, et al, 2013). The potential genotoxicity of tooth bleaching agents can be justified by the result of free radical formation, including the hydroxyl radical, which may damage intracellular structures and DNA (Dahl & Pallasen, 2003;Klaric, et al, 2013;Ribeiro, et al, 2005;Lucier, et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the literature describes different bleaching techniques, at-home tooth bleaching is the most used due to excellent long-term results (Almeida, et al, 2015;Monteiro, et al, 2019). This technique generally implies the use of a bleaching agent applied to an individualized impression tray, which the patient uses in periods varying from 30 minutes to one whole night, for at least two weeks (Almeida, et al, 2015;Alonso De La Peña, et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies indicate dentinal hypersensitivity and gingival injury as an unintended consequence of tooth bleaching (Almeida, et al, 2015;Monteiro, et al, 2019;Alonso De La Peña, et al, 2013;Klaric, et al, 2013). As for the safety of using hydrogen peroxide as a bleaching agent, some discussions are raised considering the possible carcinogenic potential.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Can tooth bleaching agents cause genotoxicity in the oral epithelium? A systematic review with meta-analysis

Menezes

Ribeiro

Takeshita

2022

RSD

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Objective: To assess, with a systematic review (SR) with meta-analysis, the occurrence of genotoxic effects on the oral epithelium after exposure to tooth bleaching agents. Material and methods: This review was performed according to the PRISMA protocols. To identify relevant studies, a systematic search was performed in the following electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, Embase, LILACS, and Google Scholar. The research question was "Can tooth bleaching agents cause genotoxicity in the oral epithelium?”. The treatment effects were defined as the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were established. Results: 154 studies were selected and, after screening titles and abstracts, seven full-text manuscripts were assessed for eligibility, of which four studies were included in the meta-analysis. There were no statistically significant differences in the frequency of micronuclei before and after exposure (SMD= -0.14, 95% CI, 0.98 to 0.60, p=0.74), with a Tau2 index = 1.00; Chi2 = 70.20; p-value <0.00001; and I² of 93%, indicating high heterogeneity among the studies. Conclusion: Considering the limitations of the present SR, tooth bleaching agents do not lead to genotoxic damage in the oral epithelium but with a small effect and low level of evidence. In this way, the use of tooth bleaching agents is safe on the oral mucosa but randomized clinical trials that are more standardized in all stages are required to produce more robust evidence.

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“…It is well known and accepted that the effectiveness of bleaching agents is dependent on the contact time between the agent and tooth surface and on the peroxide concentration [13]. The actual concentration of bleaching agents compared to the labeled concentration has been investigated by several authors [1,13,15,17,[19][20][21][22][23]. who have shown results for the concentration of the active agent different from those specified by the manufacturers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Storage Temperature Influences the Carbamide Peroxide Concentration of at Home Bleaching Agents

Klein¹

2018

BJSTR

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This study aimed to evaluate the influence of storage temperature on the maintenance of bleaching agent concentration and whether concentrations are within the recommendations of the International Standard for products for external tooth bleaching. The samples consisted of ten commercially manufactured and four compounded tooth whitening gels. Hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide bleachin agents at different concentrations were included on analysis. The United States Pharmacopeia and International Standard methods was used to determine the amount of peroxide, in the agents of different brands and concentrations after products storage at 3°C, 20°C and 40°C by 8 days. Analysis was repeated 8 times for each temperature. Differences between means was analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey test at 1% of significance. In general, storage at hot temperatures decreases the peroxide concentration. None of the tested bleaching agents match the labeled peroxide concentration, especially those based on carbamide peroxide from dispensing pharmacy that has differences less than 30% from labeled. These findings indicate that the storage temperature influences the concentration of the peroxides tested.

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A study of in vivo degradation of two vital home bleaching gels

Cited by 18 publications

References 19 publications

One‐year follow‐up comparing at‐home bleaching systems outcomes and the impact on patient's satisfaction: Randomized clinical trial

One‐year follow‐up comparing at‐home bleaching systems outcomes and the impact on patient's satisfaction: Randomized clinical trial

Can tooth bleaching agents cause genotoxicity in the oral epithelium? A systematic review with meta-analysis

Storage Temperature Influences the Carbamide Peroxide Concentration of at Home Bleaching Agents

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