A Study of Injector Deposits, Combustion Chamber Deposits (CCD) and Intake Valve Deposits (IVD) in Direct Injection Spark Ignition (DISI) Engines

Noma, Kazutoshi; Noda, Toshiyuki; Ashida, Tsuyoshi; Kamioka, Ryuichiro; Hosono, Kyoji; Nishida, Takahiro; Kameoka, Atsushi; Koseki, Keiichi; Takahashi, Ko; Koide, Syunichi; Suzuki, Teruo; Fukui, Hirokazu; Hirose, Masao; Ohta, Satoshi; Notsuki, Yusuke; Tsuboi, Kazuma

doi:10.4271/2002-01-2659

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Depending on the detergent type, they were able to reverse or avoid any injector flow loss caused by fouling. Analogous effects of fuel additives were also reported by other groups [13,14,20,21]. These publications all show a decrease of injector performance caused by fouling and illustrate potential benefits of fuel additives.…”

supporting

confidence: 78%

Injector Fouling and Its Impact on Engine Emissions and Spray Characteristics in Gasoline Direct Injection Engines

Henkel

Hardalupas

Taylor

et al. 2017

SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr.

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Unlike in port fuel injection (PFI) systems, gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines deliver fuel directly into the combustion chamber. This opens up the possibility of new injection strategies and can improve efficiency and fuel consumption, especially under partial load [1,2,3]. An additional advantage is the so-called stratified charge operation, which allows adjustment of the injection and ignition timings of the engine, to further optimise engine operation [4]. In addition, the charge cooling effect observed during fuel injection allows for the use of higher compression ratios, with reduced risk of knocking. These benefits are gaining more attention with the continuing trend of downsizing and super-or turbocharging of engines, due to increasingly strict emissions regulations [5,6,7]. Additional benefits of GDI are the option to completely shut-off fuel supply while coasting [8] and improved cold start behaviour compared to PFI engines [9,10].One major challenge of the GDI concept, however, is the potential for increased formation of particulate emissions. Recent emissions legislations such as EURO 6 in Europe and LEV III (Low Emissions Vehicle Program) in the US pose very strict limitations on particle number and mass (PM) concentrations [11,12]. Methods to control particulate emissions from GDI engines are therefore important.Introduction of an injector into the combustion chamber of a GDI engine results in direct exposure of the injector tip to the harsh conditions occurring during combustion. Because the flame directly interacts with the nozzle, combustion products can be deposited on the surface and inside cavities. This is usually referred to as injector fouling or coking and can have an adverse effect on fuel consumption, engine performance and both hydrocarbons and particulate emissions. Formation of deposits on the injector tip can result in alteration of spray pattern leading to increased spray impingement and therefore increased particulate emissions [13,14,15,16].The phenomenon of injector fouling and how it is influenced by fuel and engine parameters was the focus of a number of studies. Aradi et al. [17] investigated different fuel blends under several conditions in a four cylinder engine. They used rich fuel-to-air ratios in order to promote fouling. By measuring the temperature of the injector tip with an internal sensor, they saw that with increasing temperature Injector Fouling and Its Impact on Engine Emissions and Spray Characteristics in Gasoline Direct Injection Engines ABSTRACTIn Gasoline Direct Injection engines, direct exposure of the injector to the flame can cause combustion products to accumulate on the nozzle, which can result in increased particulate emissions. This research observes the impact of injector fouling on particulate emissions and the associated injector spray pattern and shows how both can be reversed by utilising fuel detergency. For this purpose multi-hole injectors were deliberately fouled in a four-cylinder test engine with two different base fuels. During a fo...

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supporting

confidence: 78%

Injector Fouling and Its Impact on Engine Emissions and Spray Characteristics in Gasoline Direct Injection Engines

Henkel

Hardalupas

Taylor

et al. 2017

SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr.

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“…Its influence on power and emissions is also noticeable . Many factors may influence deposits formation, such as exhaust gas recirculation and the kind of fuel used . Lubricating oil (as stated previously) also has an influence on deposits formation .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

The influence of lubricating oil on deposits formation in a diesel engine under the operation condition of high power density

Dong

Liang

Shu

2013

Lubrication Science

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The requirements of higher power density and stricter regulations on emissions of internal combustion engines lead to lubricating oil's role shifting from simply lubricating to adapting higher power density and to achieving lower emissions. An important factor influencing an engine's power and emissions is the deposits in the engine. Lubricating oil is a chief contributor to deposits formation. The objective of this paper is to investigate the influence of lubricating oil on deposits formation when the engine is operated under high power density. Metal elements content in lubricating oil and changes to power and emissions were measured to verify deposits changes. Different power densities can be achieved by adjusting the fuel supply system in the engine. Three kinds of synthesised lubricating oils were used in the investigation. The temperature of the oil pan and cooling water was strictly controlled. The experimental results demonstrated well the influence of the quality of different kinds of oil on deposits formation.

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“…Noma et al 50 suggested possible reasons for deposit formation, so it is quite valuable in improving the fuel and engine design to achieve the purpose of reducing deposit deformation. 50 Ansomboon et al also investigated the deposits with seven types of fuel and three types of lubricating oil, and focused on the comparison between the intakevalve deposits (IVDs) and CCDs. 51 Some important characteristics of CCDs were proposed.…”

Section: Gasoline Engine Deposit Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of experimental studies on deposits in the combustion chambers of internal combustion engines

Shu

Dong

Liang

2012

International Journal of Engine Research

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This article reviews experimental studies on deposits in engine combustion chambers, with emphasis on deposit composition, damage to engines, formation mechanisms and study methods. The existence of combustion chamber deposits will definitely influence performance and emissions of engines, and is inevitable with the use of petroleum fuel and lubricating oil. These all make it necessary to study the formation, composition, structure and influential factors of deposits, which will provide the basis for reducing deposits in engines. Influential factors and methods of reducing deposit formation are also included. First, the deposit damage to engines is briefly introduced, with a focus mainly on the decline in engine performance and the deterioration of emissions, and the reasons for these phenomena are explained. Next, conclusions on deposit research approaches to their chemical composition and physical structure are drawn. Finally, with regards to deposit formation in gasoline and diesel engines, deposit composition and factors influencing deposit formation, such as engine type, fuel type, oil type, additives, exhaust gas recirculation, etc., are enumerated through experimental studies on engines. Studies on deposit formation with some newly developed types of fuel are also included. The mechanism of deposit formation under these different conditions is explained, and the methods for reducing deposit formation are summarized.

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A Study of Injector Deposits, Combustion Chamber Deposits (CCD) and Intake Valve Deposits (IVD) in Direct Injection Spark Ignition (DISI) Engines

Cited by 11 publications

References 14 publications

Injector Fouling and Its Impact on Engine Emissions and Spray Characteristics in Gasoline Direct Injection Engines

Injector Fouling and Its Impact on Engine Emissions and Spray Characteristics in Gasoline Direct Injection Engines

The influence of lubricating oil on deposits formation in a diesel engine under the operation condition of high power density

A review of experimental studies on deposits in the combustion chambers of internal combustion engines

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