A study of inspecting strand wires using image processing

Morphology Transformation of Giant Vesicles by a Polyelectrolyte for an Artificial Model of a Membrane Protein for Endocytosis

“…Giant vesicles consisting of an amphiphilic poly (methacrylic acid)-block-poly (methyl methacrylate-randommethacrylic acid) diblock copolymer, PMAA-b-P(MMA-r-MAA), are an artificial model of the biomembrane for cells and organelles based on the similarities in their structure [15], stimuli-responsive behavior [16,17], and membrane permeability [18]. Various morphologies have been found for the diblock copolymer depending on the block length [19,20], types of the monomer units [21][22][23], insertion of the segment copolymer [24], and conditions of the vesicle preparation [25] by the polymerization-induced selfassembly using the nitroxide-mediated photo controlled/living radical polymerization (photo NMP) technique [26]. The morphologies include spherical vesicles [15], the elliptical [25], worm-like [19,20,27], cup-like [27], key-shaped [19], villus-like [28], and anastomosed tubular networks continuing with a fenestrated sheet [17].…”

“…Various morphologies have been found for the diblock copolymer depending on the block length [19,20], types of the monomer units [21][22][23], insertion of the segment copolymer [24], and conditions of the vesicle preparation [25] by the polymerization-induced selfassembly using the nitroxide-mediated photo controlled/living radical polymerization (photo NMP) technique [26]. The morphologies include spherical vesicles [15], the elliptical [25], worm-like [19,20,27], cup-like [27], key-shaped [19], villus-like [28], and anastomosed tubular networks continuing with a fenestrated sheet [17]. Furthermore, the vesicles supporting the ionic monomer units of the 3-sulfopropyl methacrylate potassium salt (SpMA) on the hydrophobic block enhanced the permeability of the vesicles for ionic compounds, such as Rhodamine B, based on the electrostatic interaction in the hydrophobic phase [18].…”