A study of nerve regeneration and neuroma formation after nerve suture by various techniques

Nerve Injury about the Shoulder in Athletes, Part 1

“…Studies have shown that altered conduction within a nerve is identified when the nerve is stretched 6% beyond resting length. 16,117 Stretching the nerve more than 15% leads to irreversible nerve damage. 16,117 Thus, in the overhead throwing athlete, the cause of suprascapular nerve palsy is thought to be repetitive microtrauma to the nerve through a variety of sources, including entrapment, traction, and friction, either directly or through microvascular injury.…”

Scapular Winging: A Great Masquerader of Shoulder Disorders

“…The long thoracic nerve, with contributions from C5-C7, passes between the anterior and middle scalene muscles and travels along the chest wall to the serratus anterior. Neurapraxia can occur with increases in nerve length of only 10% 21 . Although the exact pathologic insult to the nerve is unknown, repetitive traction to the nerve may result in vascular intimal injury 22 .…”

Paralysis of the serratus anterior in a world class marksman

“…Nerves, in general, have been found to tolerate a 10% increase in the resting length before neuropraxia develops. 1 Gregg et a1.5 found that traction injury to the long thoracic nerve could occur in the following position: rotation and flexion of the head plus a lateral tilt toward the contralateral shoulder while the ipsilateral shoulder is raised to an overhead position. These authors found that they could easily double the length of the segment of the long thoracic nerve between the scalenus medius and the serratus by replication of this position.…”