For predicting and relieving ash-related problems and harmful gas emissions during fluidized bed combustion, release of K and Cl and emissions of NO x and SO 2 during reed black liquor (BL) combustion in a fluidized bed were investigated in this study. The effects of bed material (calcium-based zeolite and limestone) and bed temperatures (700−900 °C) were also studied. The results showed that higher temperature favored the K release for both calcium-based zeolite and limestone, and calcium-based zeolite caused lower K release due to the formation of K 3 Al(SO 4 ) 3 , KAl(SO 4 ) 2 , and K 2 O-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 eutectic compounds. Cl was mainly released in the form of HCl above 700 °C. Moreover, high temperature facilitated Cl release for calcium-based zeolite, whereas it had a complicated effect on Cl release for limestone. Although higher temperature increased the NO x emission for both calcium-based zeolite and limestone, limestone resulted in higher NO x emission due to the conversion of fuel N to NO x under CaO catalysis. Temperature had a slight effect on SO 2 emission for calcium-based zeolite, whereas it decreased the SO 2 emission for limestone. Reed BL combustion generated lower SO 2 emissions with the help of Na 2 CO 3 and K 2 CO 3 , and limestone resulted in much lower SO 2 emission with the help of CaCO 3 and CaO.