A Study of Novel Polymorphisms in the Upstream Region of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Receptor Type 2 Gene in Autism

Asano, Eishi; Kuivaniemi, Helena; Huq, A. H. M.Mahbubul; Tromp, Gerard; Behen, Michael E.; Robert, Richard; Herron, Joy; Chugani, Diane C.

doi:10.2310/7010.2001.17155

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…In lymphocytes, VPAC2 mRNA is an activation-induced gene in several experimental conditions [15][16][17][18]. Despite the inducible character of the VPAC2 gene, detailed data about the promoter and regulatory elements scarcely exist and are limited to the human genome [19,20]. Very recently, Lutz and collaborators have identified the core promoter region of the mouse VPAC2 receptor gene [21].…”

Section: In Recent Years Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (Vip) and Vmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toll-like receptor stimulation differentially regulates vasoactive intestinal peptide type 2 receptor in macrophages

Herrera¹,

González‐Rey²,

Fernández-Montesinos³

et al. 2010

Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine

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Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) was originally isolated as a vasodilator intestinal peptide, then as a neuropeptide. In the immune system, VIP is described as an endogenous macrophage-deactivating factor. VIP exerts its immunological actions in a paracrine and/or autocrine manner, through specific receptors. However, very little is known about the molecular regulation of VIP type 2 receptor (VPAC2) in the immune system. We now report that different toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands selectively regulate the VPAC2 receptor gene and show a gene repression system controlled by key protein kinase signalling cascades in macrophages. VPAC2 gene expression is regulated by gram-positive (TLR2 ligands) and gram-negative bacteria wall constituents (TLR4 ligands). Moreover, VPAC2 is tightly regulated: TLR2-or TLR2/6-but not TLR2/1-mediated mechanisms are responsible for the induction of VPAC2 . TLR stimulation by viral

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Section: In Recent Years Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (Vip) and Vmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toll-like receptor stimulation differentially regulates vasoactive intestinal peptide type 2 receptor in macrophages

Herrera¹,

González‐Rey²,

Fernández-Montesinos³

et al. 2010

Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine

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“…In addition, VIP in the amygdala has been implicated in rapid eye movement sleep [120] and rapid eye movement sleep disorder has been reported in children with autism [121]. 6) Results from examination of polymorphisms in the upstream region of the VPAC2 receptor gene suggest a potential link between this gene and the gastrointestinal and stereotypical behaviors in autistic persons [122].…”

Section: Vip In Neurodevelopmental Disorders Vip In Autismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide in Neurodevelopmental Disorders:Therapeutic Potential

Hill¹

2007

CPD

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Abstract:Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) mediates important events during the development of the nervous system. VIP can stimulate neuronogenesis as well as differentiation and neurite outgrowth; it can promote the survival of neurons and assist in neuronal repair; it is also anti-inflammatory and can modulate immune responses. In addition, VIP is necessary for the normal growth and development of the early postimplantation mouse embryo during the period when the major embryonic events are neural tube formation, neuronogenesis and expansion of the vascular system. Receptors for VIP appear during early postimplantation embryogenesis in the rodent and exhibit changing localization patterns throughout the development of the brain. During embryogenesis, unregulated VIP may have major and permanent consequences on the formation of the brain and may be a participating factor in disorders of neurodevelopment. VIP has been linked to autism, Down syndrome and fetal alcohol syndrome. This paper will review the role of VIP in neurodevelopment, its known involvement in neurodevelopmental disorders and propose ways in which VIP might be of therapeutic value.

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“…Nelson and colleagues (2001) were able to identify at least one elevated level of either vasoactive intestinal peptide, calcitonin gene-related peptide, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, or neurotrophin 4/5 in the neonatal blood of 99% of their autistic sample when compared to controls. The vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor type 2 (VIPR2) has recently been suggested to play a role in both the gastrointestinal symptoms and stereotypical behaviors in autism due to its correlation with severity of stereotypical behavior as determined by the Gilliam Autism Rating Scale (Asano et al, 2001). These neuropeptides and neurotrophins have been shown via animal research to have a relationship with the expression of serotonin (Hayashi et al, 2001;Lyons et al, 1999;Zetterstrom et al, 1999).…”

Section: Serotonin Abnormalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Autism Partly a Consolidation Disorder?

Femia

Hasselmo

2002

Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Reviews

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Computational modeling has been useful for understanding processes of encoding and consolidation in cortical structures. In particular, this work suggests a role of neuromodulators in setting dynamics for consolidation processes during different stages of waking and sleep. Because autistic individuals show symptoms of a cognitive nature coupled with a high prevalence of comorbid conditions such as epileptiform discharge during sleep and sleep disorders, it is possible that autism could involve a breakdown in consolidation processes, which are essential to build effective cognitive representations of the environment on the basis of individual experiences. In this article, theories of consolidation during different stages of waking and sleep and the role of different neuromodulators in these consolidation processes are reviewed in conjunction with different features of autism, which may be understood in the context of these theories.

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A Study of Novel Polymorphisms in the Upstream Region of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Receptor Type 2 Gene in Autism

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Toll-like receptor stimulation differentially regulates vasoactive intestinal peptide type 2 receptor in macrophages

Toll-like receptor stimulation differentially regulates vasoactive intestinal peptide type 2 receptor in macrophages

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide in Neurodevelopmental Disorders:Therapeutic Potential

Is Autism Partly a Consolidation Disorder?

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