“…Bouhroum and Civan studied the pore structural changes of the gravel pack due to the clogging process of intruding particles by visualizing laboratory investigation. They concluded that the particulates migration process is characterized by a discontinuity of particulates concentration [8]. Bigno et al studied the trends of gravel pack permeability reduction as a function of pore blocking and identified five prevailing pore blocking mechanisms [9].…”
During the development of unconventional reservoirs with high sand production rate and fine silt content such as heavy oil and hydrate reservoirs, silt sand blockage problem is a serious issue. A two-stage gravel-packing sand control technique is applied to solve the silt sand blockage now. However, traditional experiments on this technique could not obtain the dynamic distribution law of intrusive sand in the gravel pack. In this study, a new visualization experiment based on hydrodynamic similarity criterion for studying particle blockage in gravel packs was conducted. Real-time monitoring of sand particle migration in the gravel pack could be achieved. Also, the stable penetration depth and the distributing disciplinarian of invaded particles could be determined. The results show that when the gravel-to-sand median size ratio of gravel bed I is less than five, the sand bridge can be formed at the front end of the gravel pack. This could prevent sand from further intruding. As the grain size of gravel bed II is increased, the flow velocity is reduced. Thus, the sand invading into gravel bed II tends to settle at the interface. A large amount of sand intrusion can happen to gravel pack II when the pore filling front breaks through the gravel bed I.
“…Bouhroum and Civan studied the pore structural changes of the gravel pack due to the clogging process of intruding particles by visualizing laboratory investigation. They concluded that the particulates migration process is characterized by a discontinuity of particulates concentration [8]. Bigno et al studied the trends of gravel pack permeability reduction as a function of pore blocking and identified five prevailing pore blocking mechanisms [9].…”
During the development of unconventional reservoirs with high sand production rate and fine silt content such as heavy oil and hydrate reservoirs, silt sand blockage problem is a serious issue. A two-stage gravel-packing sand control technique is applied to solve the silt sand blockage now. However, traditional experiments on this technique could not obtain the dynamic distribution law of intrusive sand in the gravel pack. In this study, a new visualization experiment based on hydrodynamic similarity criterion for studying particle blockage in gravel packs was conducted. Real-time monitoring of sand particle migration in the gravel pack could be achieved. Also, the stable penetration depth and the distributing disciplinarian of invaded particles could be determined. The results show that when the gravel-to-sand median size ratio of gravel bed I is less than five, the sand bridge can be formed at the front end of the gravel pack. This could prevent sand from further intruding. As the grain size of gravel bed II is increased, the flow velocity is reduced. Thus, the sand invading into gravel bed II tends to settle at the interface. A large amount of sand intrusion can happen to gravel pack II when the pore filling front breaks through the gravel bed I.
“…If several migrating particles reach a small pore throat simultaneously, the particles may clog the pore throat. More detailed discussions on the physical phenomena that lead to clogging can be found in [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14].…”
We consider the following experiment. A container is filled with a suspension consisting of particles immersed in an incompressible liquid. An opening is made on the container wall and the suspension flows through the opening. We develop a mathematical model to compute the expected volume of suspension extracted before particles clog the opening. Our studies are relevant to the understanding of clogging of pore throats in porous media, which plays an important role in geomaterials, biological systems, and industrial applications.
“…The physics that determine the dynamics of fines and the clogging of porous media is complex. More detailed discussions can be found in [3,4,5,7,9,12,13,14,18,19,21,20,23]. We note that fluids with fines are sometimes referred to as suspensions.…”
Abstract. Fluid in porous media flows through tortuous paths. When the fluid velocities are large enough, this tortuosity and inertial effects cause suspended particles to collide with pore walls. After each collision, a particle loses momentum and needs to be accelerated again by hydrodynamic forces. As a result, the average velocity of suspended particles may be smaller than that of the fluid. In addition, if the fluid velocity field is not macroscopically homogeneous, the retardation of the particles with respect to the fluid leads to an increase of the concentration of particles in certain regions which may eventually result in the clogging of the porous medium. This effect is of importance in flows near wells where the flow has circular symmetry and thus it is not macroscopically homogeneous. In this paper, we study the physical effect described above. We first develop a mathematical model that takes into account tortuosity and inertial effects at the pore scale. This model provides us with the average particle velocities as a function of the fluid velocity. We use this function in a second model, a macroscopic scale model, to study the evolution of concentration of particles and the development of clogging when the flow has circular symmetry.
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