A Study of Pituitary-Adrenocortical Function in Normal and Psychotic Men

Pincus, Gregory; Hoagland, Hudson; Freeman, Harry; Elmadjian, Fred; Romanoff, Louise P.

doi:10.1097/00006842-194903000-00002

Cited by 74 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…To this reviewer one of the most significant and hopeful developments in recent psychological work is the increased attention to the physiological mechanisms of symptom formation in such psychosomatic studies as those of Wolff and his co-workers (55 to 58) or in objective analyses of stress and anxiety such as Malmo & Shagass (59, 60) have initiated, and partictl1arly in the work of Hoagland, Pincus, et al (61,62,63) on adrenal cortical function in normal persons, neurotics, and schizophrenics. No attempt is made here to give a complete picture of the work, but only to cite a few papers which may be representative of a field with which the reviewer has only a superficial acquaintance, in the conviction that the developments are too important for physiological psychology to be left unmentioned.…”

Section: Psychosomatics Stress Anxiety and Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A long step toward an understanding of schizophrenia appears to have been made (61). Whether one is familiar with the formidable symbols and.terminology of biochemistry or not, it appears that if one is seriously interested in the problems of mental illness some understanding of the work on adrenal cortical hormones is essential.…”

Section: Psychosomatics Stress Anxiety and Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ordinary schizophrenic is not like a patient with Addison's disease, since he definitely has a functioning adrenal cor tex, but apparently approaches this condition. It is not suggested (61) that defects in adrenal cortical function are the whole story of schizophre nia, but there clearly is a physiological as well as a psychological derange ment in a majority of schizophrenic patients, and even though psycho logical factors may have an essential part in bringing about the derange ment it seems likely that the resulting physiological condition will have to be understood and remedied before psychotherapy can have. much value for the patient.…”

Section: Psychosomatics Stress Anxiety and Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Animal and Physiological Psychology

Do¹

1950

Annu. Rev. Psychol.

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The subject matter of this chapter does not really form a separate department of psychology. Physiological and animal psychologists are concerned with the same problems and the same theories as other psycho logists. Physiological psychology is distinctive, however, in its use of a particular kind of method and in its conviction that when one has postu lated some process intervening between sensory stimulation -and the consequent behavior (to permit theory to deal with facts that would otherwise be discrepant with it), one has the scientific obligation to sub ject the hypothesis to every feasible test, and to examine the properties of "intervening variables" as directly as possible. Otherwise, error may often be needlessly perpetuated.Animal psychology likewise is not a theoretically distinctive zone, but comparative psychology is distinctive in much the same way that physio logical psychology is; and it is comparative psychology that is discussed in the present chapter. Animal psychology is the psychology of learning, of perception, of emotion, even of thought, and its peculiarity is often only in the use of co-operative subjects that remain conveniently in cages and can be found when they are needed. COMPARATIVE STUDIESThe comparative method, theoretically, is analogous to the physiologi cal method, as 1 correlation of structure with function. Since evolution has provided animals with different structures, neural, sensory, or motor, one may proceed experimentally to discover what features of behavior vary with changes in a particular structure (especially in the central nervous system), just as one may modify structure by surgical operation within a single species and observe the correlated changes in behavior. It has proved difficult in practice to make much use of the comparative method, because one usually cannot separate out one structural variable while controlling others; the effect of size of cerebrum per se, for example, is not known because any great increase in the cerebrum is also accom panied by complex changes in sensory and niotor structures. Few exact studies of this kind have ever been made, but occasional'�ontributions have been of great value. , Another approach, in which the comparison is implicit but still impor tant, involves the study of lower animals in which behavior is (prC9ump tively) simpler. This includes the study of "instinctive" behavior, ann the history of psychology repeatedly shows that higher behavior patterns 1

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Section: Psychosomatics Stress Anxiety and Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Psychosomatics Stress Anxiety and Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Psychosomatics Stress Anxiety and Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Animal and Physiological Psychology

Do¹

1950

Annu. Rev. Psychol.

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“…Surprisingly small increases in 17-ketosteroid output occur after the administration of cortisone whereas urinary corticoids increase notably in amount (119,127) even in Addison's disease patients. Adrenal extract administration is followed by prompt increase in 17-ketosteroid out put (126,128). In seeking for a unitary concept of adrenocortical secretion (e.g.…”

Section: Adrenal Cortex Hormonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Chemistry and Metabolism of the Steroid Hormones

Pincus¹

1950

Annu. Rev. Biochem.

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“…Hoagland et al (1), (2) and Pincus et al (3) have claimed that ACTH, given to schizophrenics, will result in a pronounced phosphaturia while it will not influence urinary phosphate excretion of the normal to any marked extent. Similar claims were voiced by Reiss et al (4) and Hemphill et al (5), and others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corticoid-Induced Phosphaturia in the Schizophrenic and the Non Schizophrenic Patient

Koch¹,

Bordeleau²,

Laurin³

1961

Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal

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Some factors were studied which influence corticoid-induced phosphaturias in the schizophrenic and the non-schizophrenic psychiatric patient. It was our aim to use the phenomenon of corticoid induced phosphaturia as a diagnostic aid in schizophrenia. ACTH induced phosphaturia does not differentiate between schizophrenics and non-schizophrenics. Cortisone induces a much more marked phosphaturia in both groups without, however, differentiating any better. Neither increasing cortisone dosage nor increasing the urine collection time will enhance the diagnostic specificity of the induced phosphaturia. It was possible however to obtain a significant difference between a group of schizophrenics and a group of non-schizophrenic psychiatric patients by repeating the cortisone stimulation over three days and comparing the means of the sums of each group.

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A Study of Pituitary-Adrenocortical Function in Normal and Psychotic Men

Cited by 74 publications

References 15 publications

Animal and Physiological Psychology

Animal and Physiological Psychology

The Chemistry and Metabolism of the Steroid Hormones

Corticoid-Induced Phosphaturia in the Schizophrenic and the Non Schizophrenic Patient

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