A study of polypyrrole films formed at the liquid|vapor interface

Nath, Archana; Contractor, A.Q.

doi:10.1016/j.jelechem.2004.03.036

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…It has been reported that the peak at 15.5°( corresponding to a d-spacing of 5.33 Å) arises due to the distance between the pyrrolic planes and the interfaced aromatic rings. 32,33 The peak situated at 22.4°(corresponding to a d-spacing of 3.97 Å) is attributed to the interplanar distance of two pyrrole rings in the PPy film. 34 The d-spacing (∼0.53 nm) of the pyrrolic planes is also observed clearly in the HR-TEM lattice image, which is in good agreement with the XRD observation of a peak at 2θ = 15.5°for the PPy film.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Overoxidized Polypyrrole Films with Orderly Structure as High-Performance Anodes for Li- and Na-Ion Batteries

Yuan

Ruan

Zhang

et al. 2016

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Flexible polypyrrole (PPy) films with highly ordered structures were fabricated by a novel vapor phase polymerization (VPP) process and used as the anode material in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). The PPy films demonstrate excellent rate performance and cycling stability. At a charge/discharge rate of 1 C, the reversible capacities of the PPy film anode reach 284.9 and 177.4 mAh g in LIBs and SIBs, respectively. Even at a charge/discharge rate of 20 C, the reversible capacity of the PPy film anode retains 54.0% and 52.9% of the capacity of 1 C in LIBs and SIBs, respectively. After 1000 electrochemical cycles at a rate of 10 C, there is no obvious capacity fading. The molecular structure and electrochemical behaviors of Li- and Na-ion doping and dedoping in the PPy films are investigated by XPS and ex situ XRD. It is believed that the PPy film electrodes in the overoxidized state can be reversibly charged and discharged through the doping and dedoping of lithium or sodium ions. Because of the self-adaptation of the doped ions, the ordered pyrrolic chain structure can realize a fast charge/discharge process. This result may substantially contribute to the progress of research into flexible polymer electrodes in various types of batteries.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Overoxidized Polypyrrole Films with Orderly Structure as High-Performance Anodes for Li- and Na-Ion Batteries

Yuan

Ruan

Zhang

et al. 2016

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…6,17,18 There are a small number of reports of similar phenomena observed in aqueous solutions of pyrrole, referred to as solution-surface polymerization. [19][20][21] Lee et al 20 suggest that a large solution-surface tension is required to observe this effect. However, ionic liquids generally have quite modest surface tensions compared to molecular solvents; 1-ethyl-3methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) amide is ∼40 mN m -1 compared to 72.7 mN m -1 for water at 20 °C.…”

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confidence: 99%

Solution−Surface Electropolymerization: A Route to Morphologically Novel Poly(pyrrole) Using an Ionic Liquid

et al. 2006

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Templateless synthesis of polypyrrole nanowires by non-static solution-surface electropolymerization

Turco

Mazzotta

Franco

et al. 2016

J Solid State Electrochem

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Polypyrrole nanowires (PPy-NWs) are synthesized by a novel templateless approach based on non-static solution-surface (NSSS) electropolymerization. The mechanism responsible for PPy-NW formation is the simultaneous oxidation of pyrrole and water, with concomitant formation of hydroxyl radicals and dioxygen nanobubbles. In particular, a localized PPy-NW deposition at the solution-air interface is enabled by solution-surface electropolymerization due to the surface excess of the monomer at the interface favored by the large surface tension of the solvent. In the proposed approach, solution-surface electropolymerization is performed in non-static conditions (NSSS), as the solution-air interface is shifted by flowing the electrolyte solution over the electrode surface. This allows a PPy-NW homogeneous deposition on whatever large area electrode to be rapidly achieved. Parameters influencing the morphology of PPy-NWs are studied, particularly focusing on flow rate, pH of the electrolyte solution, and electropolymerization time. The growth process of PPy-NWs is examined and the way of tuning their resulting morphology is discussed. Morphological investigation by scanning electron microscopy and chemical/electrochemical characterization of PPy-NWs by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry, respectively, further support the proposed nanowire formation mechanism. Nanowires with diameter in the range of 40–300 nm are obtained, and the possibility of depositing differently sized nanowires with a predetermined spatial distribution on the same substrate is also demonstrated

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A study of polypyrrole films formed at the liquid|vapor interface

Cited by 5 publications

References 24 publications

Flexible Overoxidized Polypyrrole Films with Orderly Structure as High-Performance Anodes for Li- and Na-Ion Batteries

Flexible Overoxidized Polypyrrole Films with Orderly Structure as High-Performance Anodes for Li- and Na-Ion Batteries

Solution−Surface Electropolymerization: A Route to Morphologically Novel Poly(pyrrole) Using an Ionic Liquid

Templateless synthesis of polypyrrole nanowires by non-static solution-surface electropolymerization

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