A study of prevalence of peripheral arterial disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus using ankle-brachial index and its correlation with coronary artery disease and its risk factors

Abstract

A reliable diagnosis of PAD can be made using the anklebrachial index (ABI). This simple, painless and highly reproducible test can be performed in a physician's office and requires only a blood pressure apparatus and a handheld, continuous-wave doppler probe. ABSTRACTBackground: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is one of the macrovascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). There is significant difference in the reported prevalence of PAD and its associated risk factors between Indian and Western studies. The purpose of this study was to examine the PAD complicating T2DM, in particular the influence of PAD on the risk of CAD. Methods: Randomly selected 100 T2DM patients presented to Guru Nanak Dev hospital were included. In addition to a detailed history and physical examination, anthropometric parameters like body mass index was measured. CAD in patients was diagnosed by a history of angina, ECG changes, any past history of CAD or any treatment taken for CAD. Ankle brachial index (ABI) was measured. Data was collected systematically and analyzed according to the standard statistical methods. Results: The prevalence of PAD was 15%. CAD was present in 31%. PAD was found to be significantly correlated with age, duration of diabetes, smoking, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, prevalence of BMI >25 kg/m 2 , HbA1c and serum HDL ≤40 mg%. Old age, high HbA1c level, and dyslipidaemia were found to be significant independent predictors of CAD. Conclusions: Using ABI authors found evidence of PAD in 15% patients of T2DM. The prevalence of CAD was higher in patients with PAD. So, there is definite and strong correlation between PAD and CAD. Thus, the early diagnosis of PAD should alert the clinician to a high probability of underlying CAD. study of prevalence of peripheral arterial disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus using ankle-brachial index and its correlation with coronary artery disease and its risk factors. Int J Res Med Sci 2019;7:1776-80.

Ankle-brachial Index as Predictor of Coronary Artery Disease in Diabetic Patients

“…In our study, the prevalence of hypertension in ABI +VE group was 67.85% and 41.66% in the ABI −VE group, showing a statistically significant difference. Similarly, Sharma et al [7] found that in ABI +VE group, mean systolic blood pressure and mean diastolic blood pressure were significantly higher (P < 0.05) as compared to the ABI −VE group.…”

“…In our study, history of smoking in ABI +VE group was 71.42% and 38.88% in the ABI −VE group, showing a statistically significant difference. Similarly, Sharma et al [7] found that history of smoking was higher in the ABI +VE group (33.3%) as compared to ABI −VE group (11.8%).…”

“…Another study conducted by Belli et al [6] reported a CAD prevalence of 81.3% in ABI + VE patients and 34.5% in ABI −VE patients. Similarly, Sharma et al [7] found that the prevalence of CAD was 53.33% in the ABI +VE group, compared to 27.05% in the ABI −VE group.…”

“…In our study, the prevalence of dyslipidemia in ABI +VE group was 60.71% and 30.55% in the ABI −VE group, showing a statistically significant difference. Sharma et al [7] found that mean age of ABI +VE group was 68.07 ± 6.55 and ABI −VE group was 58.66 ± 6.24.…”

“…Similarly, Sharma et al . [7] found that the prevalence of CAD was 53.33% in the ABI +VE group, compared to 27.05% in the ABI −VE group.…”