A Study of Quadratic Buoyancy‐Driven Magnetohydrodynamic Stagnation‐Point Flow With Radiative Heat, Thermophoresis, and Arrhenius Energy Over a Stretching Surface

Abstract

The motivation of this study is to explore the magnetohydrodynamic flow of the Newtonian fluid model, focusing on the effects of thermophoresis and nonlinear convection on the viscous fluid in a stretchy sheet embedded in permeable media. This work aims to study the flow behavior, including the novel effects of radiative heat in the energy equation and energy activation in the concentration equation. Through proper similarity variables, governing equations are transformed to dimension‐free form. The nonlinear dimension‐free equations are solved via the bvp4c tool. The study of stagnation‐point flow for a viscous nanofluid towards a stretchable area offers a comprehensive understanding of the relationships between fluid dynamics, heat transportation, and material properties. The flow behavior of several physical factors is studied graphically for temperature, velocity, and concentration boundary layer. Moreover, skin friction, mass, and heat transmission rates are important in this investigation. The impact of skin friction, heat, and mass transmission rates are represented in a table. From observation, it is highlighted that the permeability parameter reduces fluid velocity and the heat transport rate. Magnetic parameter enhances skin friction. Heat and mass transfer rates decrease by 0.39% and 0.21%, respectively, whereas skin friction rises by 6.19% when M is increased by 0.5 from 0.5 to 1. The heat transfer rate increases by 0.06% when the activation energy is increased by 0.2 from 0.4 to 0.6, but the mass transfer rate declines by 39.8%. Eckert number and radiation parameters enhance the fluid's temperature. The concentration boundary layer reduces for increasing chemical reactions and Schmidt numbers. This research helps design efficient systems and processes for engineering and commercial uses incorporating fluid motion and heat exchange.