A Study of Quality, as Measured by the Pearling Test, in Crosses between Hard and Soft Wheats¹

Grain Hardness: A Major Determinant of Wheat Quality

“…The methods used for measuring the grain hardness may be catagorized into four major groups on the basis of grinding, crushing, abrasion or indentation by stylus (Anjum and Walker, 1991). There are some other methods as well which include the weight measurement requires kernel crushing (Cobb, 1897), and the distribution of granule by the process of sieving and grinding (Cutler and Brinson, 1935;Symes, 1961;Williams et al, 1998), the required energy for grinding an exact amount of sample (Kosmolak, 1978), resistance to pearling (Kramer and Albrecht, 1948;Beard and Poehlman, 1954;Chung et al, 1977) and near infrared reflectance analysis (Saurer, 1978;Wetzel, 1984;Williams and Sobering, 1986). Anjum and Walker (2000) used Kansas State University hardness tester, based on the kernel shearing principle, along with pearling value and NIR hardness to measure grain hardness in Pakistani wheat varieties and found all hardness methods were affected by cultivar, growth location and years.…”

“…Growers, millers and bakers also entail this classification for their intended end-use (Morris, 2002). The major determinants of softness and hardness are particle size index (MacRitchie, 1980;Jolly et al, 1996;Delwiche, 2000;Osborne et al, 2001), energy required for grinding a selected weight of sample (Kosmolak, 1978), pearling value (Kramer and Albrecht, 1948;Beard and Poehlman, 1954;Chung et al, 1977) and near infrared reflectance (Wetzel, 1984;Williams and Sobering, 1986;Delwiche, 1993;Manely et al, 1996).…”

Wheat Quality Evaluation. 3. Influence of Genotype and Environment

“…(Lebsock et al 1964), (c) orie (Symes 1965) to many genes with dominance (Beard and Poehlman 1954) for kernel hardness, and (d) polygenic control (Worzella 1942;Haunold et al 1962;Stuber et al 1962) with no dominance (Kaul and Sosulski 1965) Baker et al (1968) …”

Genetic Studies on Kernel Hardness in Wheat Using Grinding Time and Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy

“…When the frequency distributions of GT were tabulated in 5-sec intervals, the patterns were similar from year to year (Table 3) were like those of Beard and Poehlman (1954) For personal use only.…”