A Study of Radar Echoes and their Relation to Lightning Discharge of Thunderclouds in the Hokuriku District

Michimoto, Koichiro

doi:10.2151/jmsj1965.69.3_327

Cited by 54 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This statement is supported by previous research (e.g., Workman and Reynolds 1949;Reynolds and Brook 1956;Michimoto 1991Michimoto , 1993. The mixed-phase region of the cloud is the region where supercooled liquid water and ice coexist.…”

Section: Ingredients For Cg Lightningsupporting

confidence: 86%

Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Production in Strongly Forced, Low-Instability Convective Lines Associated with Damaging Wind

Broeke

Schultz

Johns³

et al. 2005

Weather and Forecasting

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During 9-11 November 1998 and 9-10 March 2002, two similar convective lines moved across the central and eastern United States. Both convective lines initiated over the southern plains along strong surfacebased cold fronts in moderately unstable environments. Both lines were initially associated with cloud-toground (CG) lightning, as detected by the National Lightning Detection Network, and both events met the criteria to be classified as derechos, producing swaths of widespread damaging wind. After moving into areas of marginal, if any, instability over the upper Midwest, CG lightning production ceased or nearly ceased, although the damaging winds continued. The 9 March 2002 line experienced a second phase of frequent CG lightning farther east over the mid-Atlantic states. Analysis of these two events shows that the production of CG lightning was sensitive to the occurrence and vertical distribution of instability. Periods with frequent CG lightning were associated with sufficient instability within the lower mixed-phase region of the cloud (i.e., the temperature range approximately between Ϫ10°and Ϫ20°C), a lifting condensation level warmer than Ϫ10°C, and an equilibrium level colder than Ϫ20°C. Periods with little or no CG lightning possessed limited, if any, instability in the lower mixed-phase region. The current Storm Prediction Center guidelines for forecasting these convective lines are presented.

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Section: Ingredients For Cg Lightningsupporting

confidence: 86%

Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Production in Strongly Forced, Low-Instability Convective Lines Associated with Damaging Wind

Broeke

Schultz

Johns³

et al. 2005

Weather and Forecasting

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“…The À10°C level was at about 1.6km. Single flash lightning events are known to occur often when such an upper profile is observed [Michimoto, 1993]. The 0°C isotherm coinciding with the upper melting level was at 360 m (MSL).…”

Section: Meteorological Conditionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How do winter thundercloud systems generate sprite‐inducing lightning in the Hokuriku area of Japan?

Suzuki

Hayakawa

Matsudo

et al. 2006

Geophysical Research Letters

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[1] Lightning and thundercloud systems leading to the generation of sprites were examined on the basis of analyses on the interrelation among radar reflectivity, lightning, and static electric field during the winter of 2004/2005 in the Hokuriku area of Japan. Eleven cases from the observed fifteen sprite events exhibit similar characteristics, so we present a typical case study of the thundercloud system. The analysis results are summarized as follows: (1)

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“…0°C isotherm corresponded to the ASL of ~0.5 km, and -10°C isotherm, to the ASL of ~1.6 km. The atmospheric condition indicated the possibility of producing a single flash meteorologically (9) . Then, because -20°C isotherm is located at 3.1 km, a cloud becomes the thundercloud with a single flash if the 20dBZ echo in the cloud develops at a height higher than that level.…”

Section: Meteorological Conditionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While in a single flash case, -10°C isotherm is located between 1.4 and 1.8 km. Echo top of thunderclouds needs to be lower than -20°C isotherm in both cases (9) . Winter sprites were discovered only seven years ago in Japan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of the Sprite Parent Winter Thundercloud with Positive Single Flash in Hokuriku, Japan (A Case Study on 14th December 2001)

et al. 2006

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The sprite campaign was conducted by the sprite research group of University of Electro-Communications (UEC) during the winter of 2001/2002. On 14th December 2001, nine sprites were observed from Shimizu in Shizuoka and ELF transients were measured at Moshiri in Hokkaido. One of the sprites was also observed by the weather radar and the field mill network around the Komatsu Air Base. The sprite parent thunderclouds associated with the positive cloud-to-ground flash (+CG) were investigated with special reference to their electrical and meteorological characteristics. The results are summarized as follows; ( ) The sprite parent thundercloud was very small (horizontal scale is at most 30 km) and the sprite was generated by a single flash when the thunderclouds were dissipating just after the maximum activity. ( ) The sprite parent +CG occurred under the stratiform region of the thunderclouds. ( ) Before the sprite causative +CG occurred, very large positive charge and negative one were found in and over the thundercloud by the analysis of sequential field mill observation.

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A Study of Radar Echoes and their Relation to Lightning Discharge of Thunderclouds in the Hokuriku District

Cited by 54 publications

References 10 publications

Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Production in Strongly Forced, Low-Instability Convective Lines Associated with Damaging Wind

Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Production in Strongly Forced, Low-Instability Convective Lines Associated with Damaging Wind

How do winter thundercloud systems generate sprite‐inducing lightning in the Hokuriku area of Japan?

Characteristics of the Sprite Parent Winter Thundercloud with Positive Single Flash in Hokuriku, Japan (A Case Study on 14th December 2001)

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