A Study of Reaction Kinetics by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. 2. Comparison with Dielectric Spectroscopy of Model and Multifunctional Epoxy/Amine Systems

Mijović, Jovan; Andjelić, Saša; Yee, C. F. Winnie; Bellucci, Francesco; Nicolais, L.

doi:10.1021/ma00112a027

Cited by 69 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Taking advantage of this special feature, many researchers 14,19,20 have used these techniques for monitoring curing reactions. Concentrations of above mentioned four species in the curing reaction are linearly related to peak area ratios in the IR region 21 and therefore their intensities can be used (to calculate area) to follow the mechanism of curing 5,20,[22][23][24][25][26] . Considering the fact that absorption increases with increasing concentration, BeerLamberts law can be simplified as 21 …”

Section: Curing Reaction and Ftir Correlationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Analysis of Curing Mechanisms of Epoxy Resin by Mid- and Near- Fourier Transform Infra Red Spectroscopy

Cholake¹,

Mada²,

Raman³

et al. 2014

DSJ

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This article informs the essence of major work done by a number of researchers on the analysis of two-step curing mechanism of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy resin in presence of amine curing agents using near-and mid-IR technology. Various peaks used as a marker for resin formation are discussed and their implementation is comprehensively studied. In addition to this, a wide range of information about the importance of reference peaks in both near-IR (NIR) and mid-IR (MIR) regions are congregated and their accuracy is audited. Also discrepancies observed by researchers in epoxy conversion (α) in NIR and MIR regions are reviewed to highlight the comparative advantages of both regions, one over the other.

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Section: Curing Reaction and Ftir Correlationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Analysis of Curing Mechanisms of Epoxy Resin by Mid- and Near- Fourier Transform Infra Red Spectroscopy

Cholake¹,

Mada²,

Raman³

et al. 2014

DSJ

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“…Epoxy-amine curing reaction mechanisms are well established (1)(2)(3). Several reaction mechanisms may occur, depending on both the temperature and the stage of reaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enthalpic, Entropic, and Square Gradient Contributions to the Surface Energetics of Amine-Cured Epoxy Systems

Mezzenga

Page

2002

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

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“…[11][12][13][14] The bands used in this analysis are the epoxy peak at 4530 cm Ϫ1 , the primary amine peak at 4937 cm…”

Section: Band Assignments For Epoxy-aminementioning

confidence: 99%

Network formation during cocure of phenolic resins with vinyl‐ester and epoxy‐amine systems for use in multifunctional composites

Singh

Palmese

2004

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Traditionally, multilayered composites have been manufactured in multiple steps that involve the fabrication of each layer separately and the bonding them together by using adhesives or secondary bonding. More recently, manufacturing techniques have been developed that enable the manufacture of multilayered hybrid composite parts in a single step. In one such technique known as coinjection resin transfer molding (CIRTM), two or more resins are simultaneously injected into a mold filled with a stationary fiber bed. This method not only cuts down manufacturing costs and time, but also offers the potential of cocure of the adjacent thermosetting resins inside the mold, which could aid in the formation of a tougher interphase between the layers and improve long-term durability. The advantages offered by coinjection are, however, dependent on the successful cocure of the resins involved, and hence, there exists a need to determine compatible resin systems for coinjection. By compatible, it is meant that the resins must cure when in contact with each other, have compatible cure cycles (i.e., cure temperature, cure time, etc.), and result in acceptable physical and mechanical properties. The most commonly used matrix resins are vinyl-ester resins. The cure of vinyl-ester resin was found to be severely limited by contact with phenolic resin. This necessitates an impermeable separation layer between phenolic and vinyl-ester resins in CIRTM manufacture. A possible candidate for this separation layer was epoxy-amine-based prepregs or adhesive layers. Thus, the cocure of mixtures of phenolic with epoxy-amine was studied, and it was found that phenolic resin significantly affects the cure of epoxy-amines. A model to quantify the effect of phenolic resin on the cure of epoxyamines has been proposed. By using this model, the fraction of primary amine consumed by the phenolic can be estimated. It was found that increasing the initial amine concentration in the cocure reaction mixture leads to an increase in the epoxy conversion as well as the T g of the material. Therefore, it is recommended that, in cocure of epoxy-amine and phenolic resins, the initial concentration of amine must be greater than the stoichiometric amount to compensate for the loss of amine to the phenolic resin

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A Study of Reaction Kinetics by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. 2. Comparison with Dielectric Spectroscopy of Model and Multifunctional Epoxy/Amine Systems

Cited by 69 publications

References 4 publications

Quantitative Analysis of Curing Mechanisms of Epoxy Resin by Mid- and Near- Fourier Transform Infra Red Spectroscopy

Quantitative Analysis of Curing Mechanisms of Epoxy Resin by Mid- and Near- Fourier Transform Infra Red Spectroscopy

Enthalpic, Entropic, and Square Gradient Contributions to the Surface Energetics of Amine-Cured Epoxy Systems

Network formation during cocure of phenolic resins with vinyl‐ester and epoxy‐amine systems for use in multifunctional composites

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