A study of risk factors in young patients of myocardial infarction

Akram, Mohd.; Zaidi, Farina; Bansal, Shivani; Kishore, Kaushal

doi:10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20150813

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The mean age of young patients with MI in this study was found to be 35.00±4.67 years. Similar age distribution was also reported by the authors such as Akram et al,15 and Deora et al16…”

supporting

confidence: 88%

Risk factors and clinical features in young patients with myocardial infarction: A cross-sectional study

KR¹,

Kumar²

2022

Asian J Med Sci

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Background: Changes in lifestyle with increased sedentary lifestyle are associated with its consequences such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, diabetes, and eventually myocardial infarction (MI). Coronary artery diseases (CADs) although have been commonly seen in elderly individuals it’s now being increasingly recognized in a relatively younger age group (<45 years). The present study was aimed at analyzing risk factors and clinical presentation of MI in young (<45 years). Aims and Objectives: The aims of this study were to study risk factors and clinical profile of young patients with MI. Materials and Methods: This was a hospital-based prospective cohort study, in which 60 young patients (age <45 years) of age were included on the basis of a predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. A thorough history was obtained and detailed general and cardiovascular examination was done. Electrocardiogram, basic hematological profile, and 2 D echo were done in all cases. Clinical profile, site of infarction, and severity of systolic dysfunction were studied. P<0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: A total of 60 patients were studied. Out of these 60 cases, there were 48 (80%) males and 12 (20%) females with a M: F ratio being 1:0.25. Although the mean age of female patients (40.25±3.44 years) was more than male patients (38.62±4.43 years), the difference was not found to be statistically significant (P>0.05). Obesity, family history of CADs, smoking, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes were common risk factors in studied cases. Majority of the patients (81.67%) presented with typical chest pain radiating to left arm. The atypical clinical features were seen in 11 (18.33%) patients. In m ost of the patients (63.33%) there was anterior wall infarction. Inferior wall infarction and anteroseptal MI were seen in 12 (20%) and 10 (16.67%) patients, respectively. Conclusion: MI in young patients is increasing. Majority of the risk factors associated with MI in young patients are modifiable risk factors. A high index of suspicion is necessary in diagnosing these patients in time particularly in cases, where there is atypical presentation.

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“…The mean age of young patients with MI in this study was found to be 35.00±4.67 years. Similar age distribution was also reported by the authors such as Akram et al,15 and Deora et al16…”

supporting

confidence: 88%

Risk factors and clinical features in young patients with myocardial infarction: A cross-sectional study

KR¹,

Kumar²

2022

Asian J Med Sci

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“…Young adults showed lower incidence of in hospital death in comparison to older adults (1% VS 4%). [6,[37][38][39][40][41]. Otherwise, there were observed no significant differences between young and old adults regarding post AMI complications and this reflects the equal provided high care services provided to all patients in our center.…”

Section: B: In-hospital Complication and Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 92%

Acute Myocardial Infarction in Young Adults: Prevalence, Clinical Background and In-Hospital Outcomes with Particular Reference to Socio-Economic Influences a Middle Eastern Tertiary Center Experience

Shalaby¹

2020

J Cardiol Res Rev Rep

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Background: Acute myocardial infarction in young individuals can cause death and disability in early life and has serious consequences for the patients, their family causing an increased economic burden on health system. Identifying the risk factors for acute myocardial infarction in this group of people is necessary for risk factor modification and developing cost-effective secondary prevention strategies as young. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, clinical background and in-hospital outcome of AMI among young (age ≤45 years) adults and its socioeconomic burden. Results: All Acute myocardial infarction patients during the period from 2016-2019 were divided into two groups: young adults (age≤45) and older adults (age>45). Age data were available for 3081 patients admitted with acute myocardial infarction. Out of these 593 (19%) patients were young adults with mean age of 39±6.2 whilst 2488 (80.7%) were older adults with mean age of 60±9. Young adult Patients were more of male gender (92% vs 82%, p<0.001) more smoker (47% vs 30 %, p<0.001) and had more prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥30 34% vs 27%, p<0.001) but were less diabetics (43% vs 57%, p<0.001) and less hypertensive (35% vs 58 %, p<0.001).Young adult patients had higher level of LDL (120±47 vs. 112.9±41.6, P=0.02), total cholesterol (189.2±54.4 vs. 173.9±47.7, P<0.001) and triglycerides (157.7±104.4 vs. 126.6±91, P<0.001).Young adult patients had more extensive thrombus and frequently required thrombus aspiration (16 % vs. 11%, p=0.003) but less common left main disease (0.9% vs 4%, p<0.001) and 3 vessels disease (8% vs 18%, p<0.001). Young adult patients had less deterioration of left ventricular function (EF 42.4±10.4 vs. 41.1±10.6, P=0.04). There was highly significant negative correlation between left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and age (P<0.001) but positive correlation between age and length of in hospital stay (p=0.02).In-hospital complications including pulmonary edema, cardiogenic shock, cardiac arrest and mortality were similar in the two groups. Age, female gender and diabetes were found to be the independent predictors for in-hospital mortality among our patients (P=0.003, 0.05 and 0.05 respectively) Conclusion: Young adult patients presented with acute myocardial infarction are more frequently smokers, obese and dyslipidaemic. These patients also have more thrombus burden. These results underscores the importance of smoking cessation, weight reduction programs and Health education for public especially of this age. Age still showed high risk prediction for lower LVEF and prolonged in-hospital length of stay in AMI patients with more burden on the health care system although the great improvement in management of AMI patients which lead to decrease in hospital complications.

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“…The combined sample size of the studies was 32,585 cases, comprising 26,020 males and 6,564 females. It is worth noting that the smallest sample size was from the study conducted by Akram et al, [16] with only 50 cases, while the study by Keri et al [13] had the largest sample size, with 29,515 cases. This variation in sample size suggests that there may be differences in the prevalence of AMI across different populations.…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…All six studies were published in peer-reviewed journals, suggesting that they met adequate quality standards for scientific literature. These studies were conducted in various countries, including the USA & Canada [13], Australia [14], France [15], India [16], Trinidad [17], and Iran [18], suggesting a global reach and potential generalizability of findings to populations worldwide. Overall, the quality and diversity of the included studies indicate a comprehensive review of the prevalence, incidence, and risk factors of MI in different regions of the world.…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Potentially Modifiable and Unmodifiable Risk Factors of Myocardial Infraction: Systematic Review

et al. 2023

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Myocardial infarction is a leading cause of death, disability, and decreased productivity worldwide, particularly in relation to cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to assess the contribution of both modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors to the incidence of myocardial infarction in a large population (32,585 patients; 26,020 male and 6,564 female). An extensive search was conducted on databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Medline, and Web of Science, limited to full-text articles written in English and published from 2015 onwards, using keywords such as "myocardial infarction (MI)," "epidemiology," and "risk factors." We conducted a thorough search of databases and screened articles using PRISMA guidelines. Six articles were found eligible for the study's objectives, the majority of the 32,585 subjects were males (79.8%) and aged between 61 to 70 years (59.5%). 20.4% of the subjects had a positive family history, race and ethnicity included white (32.3%), black (28.1%) and others (36.1%) and the most common modifiable risk factors were hypertension (48.9%), smoking (42.2%), hypercholesterolemia (40.9%), and diabetes (24.4%). The Mean BMI was 19.6 ranging from 25.0-39.9. Hypertension was significantly associated with gender, age, and diabetes, while hypercholesterolemia was positively associated with diabetes and hypertension. In the large population, myocardial infarction is prevalent in men and patients with hypertension. Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors, along with coronary artery occlusion, increase with age, highlighting the importance of healthy lifestyle training and early control of modifiable risk factors to prevent cardiovascular diseases.

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A study of risk factors in young patients of myocardial infarction

Cited by 5 publications

References 2 publications

Risk factors and clinical features in young patients with myocardial infarction: A cross-sectional study

Risk factors and clinical features in young patients with myocardial infarction: A cross-sectional study

Acute Myocardial Infarction in Young Adults: Prevalence, Clinical Background and In-Hospital Outcomes with Particular Reference to Socio-Economic Influences a Middle Eastern Tertiary Center Experience

Analysis of Potentially Modifiable and Unmodifiable Risk Factors of Myocardial Infraction: Systematic Review

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