A Study of Rock Weathering With Reference to the Soils of the Malvern Hills

Stephen, I.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2389.1952.tb00644.x

Cited by 40 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The examination of single crystals taken from weathered igneous rocks has given some useful information, and the changes found in this way are in general agreement with the results in Table I. Among the ferromagnesian minerals it has been shown that biotite alters to vermiculite (Walker, 1949 ;Stephen, 1952), and hornblende to vermiculite and chlorite (Stephen, 1952). Unpublished work by the author has shown olivine crystals from weathered basalt to be altered to a mixture of trioctahedral montmorillonite and goethite.…”

Section: Chloritesupporting

confidence: 72%

A Review of the Mineralogy of Scottish Soil Clays

Mitchell

1955

Journal of Soil Science

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Section: Chloritesupporting

confidence: 72%

A Review of the Mineralogy of Scottish Soil Clays

Mitchell

1955

Journal of Soil Science

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“…The soils examined are all fairly acid with H' as the dominant exchangeable cation. It can therefore be envisaged that H' replaces Mg2+ in the hydroxide sheet of the chlorite in such a way that two hydroxyl groups are converted to water molecules for each Mg2+ removed: a mechanism first proposed by Stephen (1952). Vermiculite would then gradually form through interstratified phases containing varying proportions of vermiculite and chlorite.…”

Section: Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most common weathering product of chlorite, particularly in temperate climates, is reported to be vermiculite (inter aka, Stephen, 1952;Droste et al, 1962;Camez, 1962;Johnson, 1964;Gilkes and Little, 1972) formed through various intermediate stages of interstratified chlorite-vermiculite by progressive hydratioh of the hydroxide sheet with consequent loss of cations: a weathering process often apparently initiated by oxidation of Fe2+. In some soils, however, vermiculite has been reported to form in welldrained conditions and smectite in conditions of very poor drainage (Butler, 1953).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Weathering of Chloritic Minerals in Some Scottish Soils

Bain¹

1977

Journal of Soil Science

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The mineralogy of 14 chloritic soils of various drainage classes developed on different parent materials from the Loch Awe area of Argyllshire, Caithness, and the Southern Uplands reveals only minor variations'in clay mineralogy with profile depth, the frequent presence of primary minerals indicating that all the soils are immature, and that weathering is at an early stage. Iron-rich chlorite generally persists throughout the profiles, varying little in amount or chemical composition between horizons; where identifiable, the polytype is 11 b. Oxidation of iron modifies the thermal characteristics of the chlorite in all the freelydrained soils but usually only in the surface horizons of gleys. Irrespective of soil type or drainage class, in most profiles chlorite weathers only slightly, probably by vermiculitization around the edges of flakes.

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“…Brewer (1955) observed that hornblende gradually breaks up and is replaced by in situ clay minerals, but these were not identified by him. Reported in situ weathering products include chlorite and vermiculite-like minerals (Stephen 1952;Kato 1965). Wilson and Farmer (1970) found that an iron-rich amphibole component in hornblende weathered directly to an interstratified swelling chlorite and saponite mineral, while the magnesium-rich phase remained relatively unaltered.…”

Section: Weathering Of Feldspars Hornblende and Quartzmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weathering and development of two contrasting soils formed from granodiorite in south-east Queensland

Koppi¹,

Williams²

1980

Soil Res.

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Mineral weathering in two soils, contrasting in colour and clay distribution, formed from granodiorite, was studied by X-ray diffraction, chemical and optical techniques. The feldspars, hornblende, and quartz become comminuted and appear to be weathering entirely by solution.The main source of clay is from the weathering of biotite which gives hydrobiotite, vermiculite, smectite and kaolin. Clay coatings lining cracks and voids are restricted mostly to the weathered rock and lower part of the soil, and their main source is from decomposing biotite nearby. This weathering study permits details of the clay distribution to be postulated. The clay-rich horizons seem to be formed by settling of residual material as other constituents are lost by solution. The resulting reduced permeability would be expected to increase surface run-off and lateral flow through the upper part of the soil, giving rise to the clay-depleted upper horizons. Clay illuviation seems to be insignificant in forming the horizon of maximum clay content.

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A Study of Rock Weathering With Reference to the Soils of the Malvern Hills

Cited by 40 publications

References 11 publications

A Review of the Mineralogy of Scottish Soil Clays

A Review of the Mineralogy of Scottish Soil Clays

The Weathering of Chloritic Minerals in Some Scottish Soils

Weathering and development of two contrasting soils formed from granodiorite in south-east Queensland

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