A Study of Singularities in Boundary-Fitted Coordinate Systems

Mcconnaughey, H. V.

doi:10.21236/ada161756

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…Strongylocentrotus purpuratus and S. franciscanus have completely overlapping distributions and are found on the West Coast of North America from Alaska to the Baja California Peninsula (Schroeter 1978;McConnaughey and McConnaughey 1985). Fossils indicate that they have coexisted over this range for between 1 and 10 million years (Kew 1920;Grant and Hertlein 1938).…”

Section: Study Site Animals and Species Distributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In spite of the large difference in parental investment per egg, all three species metamorphose at a diameter of about 0.2 mm (Emlet et al 1987;Sinervo and McEdward 1988), so the selection for divergent egg sizes probably occurs sometime between egg production and settlement (Levitan 1996a). Because all three species have overlapping spawning times (Strathmann 1987), overlapping geographic distributions (McConnaughey and McConnaughey 1985), and similar larval design (McEdward 1986) and often develop in the same local water mass (Rumrill 1987), it is not obvious how postzygotic selection (e.g., planktonic mortality) could account for their divergent egg sizes. These species do differ in gamete traits and spawning conditions, so prezygotic factors might be responsible for selection for different egg sizes (Levitan 1993(Levitan , 1996a.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Does Bateman's Principle Apply to Broadcast‐spawning Organisms? Egg Traits Influence in Situ Fertilization Rates Among Congeneric Sea Urchins

Levitan

1998

Evolution

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Abstract.-Evolutionary biologists generally invoke male competition and female choice as mechanisms driving sexual selection. However, in broadcast-spawning organisms sperm may be limiting and females may compete, in the Darwinian sense, for increased mating success. In this study, I investigate how species differences in egg and sperm traits result in different patterns of fertilization among three closely related sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, S. franciscanus, and S. droebachiensis). Field studies demonstrate that all three species achieve similar percentages of eggs fertilized when eggs and sperm are released simultaneously. However, when sperm must disperse before encountering eggs, differences arise among species such that those with the smaller eggs and faster but shorter-lived sperm achieve relatively fewer fertilizations than do species with larger eggs and slower but longer-lived sperm. A field hybridization experiment, field estimates of sperm dispersal, correlations of egg size to field rates of fertilization, laboratory studies of fertilization kinetics, and a simulation model all suggest that it is attributes of the egg (probably egg size) that are responsible for the differences. These patterns of fertilization match the species' patterns of dispersion; species that do well only when sperm and eggs are released in close proximity are more aggregated, species that do relatively well when sperm and eggs are released farther apart are more dispersed. These results are consistent with the notion that eggs of different species are adapted to maximize reproductive success under different degrees of sperm limitation and suggest that male competition and female choice may not be an appropriate dichotomy in broadcast-spawning organisms.

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Section: Study Site Animals and Species Distributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%