A study of smoke formation from wood combustion

Lea‐Langton, Amanda; Baeza‐Romero, M. T.; Boman, Gunnar; Brooks, Barbara; Wilson, Andrew J.; Atika, Firda; Bartle, Keith D.; Jones, Jenny M.; Williams, Alan

doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2015.03.020

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…45 In the case of wood, different phases of BB (i.e., smoldering versus flaming) could cause distinct mass ratios of Lev/nss-K + but similar contributions of levoglucosan carbon content to WSOC and TC (i.e., Lev-C/WSOC and Lev-C/TC 50,51 ). This is because K + emissions are high in the flaming phase of wood burning 52,53 and anhydrosugars are largely emitted in both flaming and smoldering phase. 51,54 Therefore, Lev/nss-K + ratios in the IGP-outflow are consistent with crop-residue burning emissions (i.e., <1), whereas those in the SEA-outflow suggest a likely contribution from the flaming phase of forest fires in Southeast Asia.…”

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracing the Relative Significance of Primary versus Secondary Organic Aerosols from Biomass Burning Plumes over Coastal Ocean Using Sugar Compounds and Stable Carbon Isotopes

Bikkina

Haque

Sarin

et al. 2019

ACS Earth Space Chem.

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Biomass burning (BB), a pivotal source of both primary and secondary organic aerosols (POA and SOA, respectively), affects the regional and global climate. We have used stable carbon isotopic composition (δ13CTC) of total carbon (TC) and BB tracers (anhydrosugars, sugars, and sugar alcohols) to elucidate the relative significance of POA and SOA over the Bay of Bengal, influenced by the long-range transport from the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP-outflow) and Southeast Asia (SEA-outflow) during a winter cruise. The molecular distributions of anhydrosugars (levoglucosan, Lev; galactosan, Gal; mannosan, Man) are different between IGP- (Lev > Gal > Man) and SEA-outflows (Lev > Man > Gal). The positive linear/nonlinear relationships of δ13CTC with total sugar-C, K+, water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), and TC in BBOA from the SEA-outflow are in sharp contrast to those from Mt. Tai, China and Rondônia, Brazil in summer; mainly because of the prevailing differences in ambient photochemical processing. The Keeling plots (δ13CTC versus 1/TC, 1/WSOC, and 1/Lev) in the SEA-outflow revealed a mixing of “13C-enriched POA” and 13C-depleted “fresh-SOA” of BB origin. Because the sugar compounds are mostly water-soluble and become bioavailable in the surface waters, we estimate the air-to-sea depositions of sugar-C and WSOC over the Bay of Bengal to contribute to no more than 0.1% and 13%, respectively, of their supply via peninsular rivers.

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Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracing the Relative Significance of Primary versus Secondary Organic Aerosols from Biomass Burning Plumes over Coastal Ocean Using Sugar Compounds and Stable Carbon Isotopes

Bikkina

Haque

Sarin

et al. 2019

ACS Earth Space Chem.

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“…burning particles detected by ATOFMS (Lea-Langton et al, 2015;Pratt et al, 2010;Silva et al, 1999). Sulfate ( 97 HSO − 4 ) dominates the negative ion mass spectra of the K-SO x particles, with additional signals for MSA ( 95 CH 3 SO − 3 ) and oxalate ( 89 (COO) 2 H − ).…”

Section: Regionally Transported Combustionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources and mixing state of summertime background aerosol in the north-western Mediterranean basin

et al. 2017

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Abstract. An aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ATOFMS) was employed to provide real-time single particle mixing state and thereby source information for aerosols impacting the western Mediterranean basin during the ChArMEx-ADRIMED and SAF-MED campaigns in summer 2013. The ATOFMS measurements were made at a ground-based remote site on the northern tip of Corsica.Twenty-seven distinct ATOFMS particle classes were identified and subsequently grouped into eight general categories: EC-rich (elemental carbon), K-rich, Na-rich, amines, OC-rich (organic carbon), V-rich, Fe-rich and Carich particles. Mass concentrations were reconstructed for the ATOFMS particle classes and found to be in good agreement with other co-located quantitative measurements (PM 1 , black carbon (BC), organic carbon, sulfate mass and ammonium mass). Total ATOFMS reconstructed mass (PM 2.5 ) accounted for 70-90 % of measured PM 10 mass and was comprised of regionally transported fossil fuel (EC-rich) and biomass burning (K-rich) particles. The accumulation of these transported particles was favoured by repeated and extended periods of air mass stagnation over the western Mediterranean during the sampling campaigns. The single particle mass spectra proved to be valuable source markers, allowing the identification of fossil fuel and biomass burning combustion sources, and was therefore highly complementary to quantitative measurements made by Particle into Liquid Sampler ion chromatography (PILS-IC) and an aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM), which have demonstrated that PM 1 and PM 10 were comprised predominantly of sulfate, ammonium and OC. Good temporal agreement was observed between ATOFMS EC-rich and K-rich particle mass concentrations and combined mass concentrations of BC, sulfate, ammonium and low volatility oxygenated organic aerosol (LV-OOA). This combined information suggests that combustion of fossil fuels and biomass produced primary EC-and OC-containing particles, which then accumulated ammonium, sulfate and alkylamines during regional transport.Three other sources were also identified: local biomass burning, marine and shipping. Local combustion particlesPublished by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. (emitted in Corsica) contributed little to PM 2.5 particle number and mass concentrations but were easily distinguished from regional combustion particles. Marine emissions comprised fresh and aged sea salt: the former was detected mostly during a 5-day event during which it accounted for 50-80 % of sea salt aerosol mass, while the latter was detected throughout the sampling period. Dust was not efficiently detected by the ATOFMS, and support measurements showed that it was mainly in the PM 2.5-10 fraction. Shipping particles, identified using markers for heavy fuel oil combustion, were associated with regional emissions and represented only a small fraction of PM 2.5 particle number and mass concentration at the site.

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“…Smoke and soot are composed of the small particles resulting incomplete combustion. The small particles principally contain carbon and other combustible materials: for instance, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons or PAHs [6,7], tar, and volatile [8][9][10][11]. In the drying process of ribbed smoked sheet (RSS) production, hazardous air pollutants from para rubber wood combustion, such as smoke particles, cause worker and neighborhood health problems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of Size Distribution and Mass Concentration of Smoke Particles on Moisture Content and Combustion Period from Para Rubber Wood Burning

Kalasee

Dangwilailux

2021

Applied Sciences

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The size distribution and total particle mass concentration (TPMC) of smoke particles from para rubber wood (Hevea brasiliensis) combustion in the ribbed smoked sheet (RSS) process were studied. In this experiment, temperature data values of para rubber wood combustion were recorded at 500 mm above the base of the fire by K-type thermocouples. The wood moisture content and wood combustion period were used to find and improve an equation of smoke particle size distribution (SPSD) and TPMC by the response surface method (RSM). An eight-stage Andersen air sampler and a high-volume sampler were used to measure and calculate SPSD and TPMC, respectively. Resulting data in this experiment showed that TPMC ranged from 3.12 to 77.42 mg/m3. SPSD was single mode in which MMAD, mass median aerodynamic diameter, ranged from 0.64 to 1.27 microns for para wood with moisture content ranging from 31.5 to 89.7% dry weight basis. The combustion period and moisture content of para wood have a direct effect on the change of temperature data above the base of the fire and the TPMC and MMAD values. For predicting TPMC and MMAD values by the para wood moisture contents in each combustion period, the results found that the second-degree model was a better plot than the first-degree model, confirmed by higher values of the coefficient of determination (R2).

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A study of smoke formation from wood combustion

Cited by 15 publications

References 13 publications

Tracing the Relative Significance of Primary versus Secondary Organic Aerosols from Biomass Burning Plumes over Coastal Ocean Using Sugar Compounds and Stable Carbon Isotopes

Tracing the Relative Significance of Primary versus Secondary Organic Aerosols from Biomass Burning Plumes over Coastal Ocean Using Sugar Compounds and Stable Carbon Isotopes

Sources and mixing state of summertime background aerosol in the north-western Mediterranean basin

Prediction of Size Distribution and Mass Concentration of Smoke Particles on Moisture Content and Combustion Period from Para Rubber Wood Burning

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