A study of stearyl alcohol bloom on Dan Hill PVC dolls and the influence of temperature

Lauridsen, Clara Bratt; Hansen, Lola Wøhlk; Brock‐Nannestad, Theis; Bendix, Jesper; Симонсен, Ким

doi:10.1080/00393630.2016.1206651

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…After inspection, the dolls appeared to have a white waxy substance covering their plastic parts. 152 The bloom was identified as stearyl alcohol by ATR-FTIR, which is not a common additive for plasticized PVC. It was independent of the plasticizer and exuded due to reduced compatibility with PVC at low temperatures.…”

Section: Survey Of Pvc Degradation In Heritage Collectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plastics in Heritage Collections: Poly(vinyl chloride) Degradation and Characterization

Rijavec

2020

ACSi

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Museums and galleries house increasingly large collections of objects and contemporary art made of plastic materials, many of which undergo rapid material change. The main degradation processes of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) are elimination of HCl and plasticizer migration or leaching. This results in visible discolouration, stickiness and cracking. Degradation is known to be a multi-stage process that includes HCl elimination, formation of conjugated polyenes and cross-linking. Elimination of HCl begins due to structural irregularities (allylic and tertiary chlorides) and results in the formation of polyenes. When at least 7 conjugated double bonds are present, discolouration of PVC becomes visible. Non-invasive techniques, such as IR and Raman spectroscopy are used for polymer identification and plasticizer quantification. Plasticizer degradation and particularly the late stages of PVC degradation can be investigated using SEC, GC-MS, TGA and DSC. Studies in heritage collections have revealed that, apart from HCl, PVC objects emit 2-ethylhexanol and other volatile degradation products, however, there is currently no indication that HCl is emitted at usual indoor conditions. There seems to be a general lack of systematic research into PVC degradation at the conditions of storage and display, which could result in the development of dose-response functions and in the development of preventive conservation guidelines for the management of PVC collections.

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Section: Survey Of Pvc Degradation In Heritage Collectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plastics in Heritage Collections: Poly(vinyl chloride) Degradation and Characterization

Rijavec

2020

ACSi

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“…9 shows evidence that a phthalate plasticiser has been used in the formulation of this modelling clay. The appearance of a strong carbonyl band at 1725 cm −1 combined with a characteristic pair of bands at 1569 and 1535 cm −1 supports the identification of the plasticiser used as diethyl hexyl phthalate (DEHP) [27][28][29]. Infrared bands due to the clay kaolinite are also observed in the spectrum, particularly the distinctive O-H stretching pattern in the 3700-3600 cm −1 region [21,26].…”

Section: Marburg Artworkmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…9, with band assignments listed in Table 5. The spectrum shows bands characteristic of a plasticised poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) [27][28][29]. Although there is overlap of the PVC, plasticiser and kaolinite contributions in the spectrum below 1500 cm −1 , there are certain characteristic bands in the spectrum.…”

Section: Marburg Artworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling clay materials used in artworks: an infrared spectroscopic investigation

et al. 2019

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Modelling clays are utilised by artists for their malleable properties. One of the challenges in managing collections containing such materials is the variety of commercial compositions available and, therefore, the variation in the requirements for storage and maintenance of such artefacts. The Art Gallery of New South Wales in Australia is responsible for the care of a range of artworks that contain modelling materials, some of which show detrimental property changes and there is concern for the longevity of such works. The aim of the current research is to determine the compositions of the modelling materials utilised in works produced by different artists in the gallery's collection. Infrared spectroscopy was used to identify the main constituents of samples collected from the works of four different artists and a variety of material types were determined. Oil-based, air-hardening and polymer clays of varying composition were identified in the survey of artworks. Signs of deterioration in particular artworks were able to be characterised using spectroscopy, with the mechanisms identified including loss and oxidation of the oil component. Where a polymer clay was chosen by one artist, the distortion of the artwork was due to flow of the material over time and demonstrates the need for an understanding of the long term properties of the materials being used. The study has highlighted the need for conservators to have a detailed understanding of modelling materials to ensure the longevity of artworks containing this class of materials.

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“…The plasticised PVC cable cover produced good absorbance spectra (Fig. 8i), however, spectral comparisons were not as high as for other polymers, which may be attributed to differences in formulation: the indicating the presence of a phthalate plasticiser [37]. After analysing the PVC cable with both ATR techniques, residue remained on the diamond crystal highlighting the necessity of cleaning the crystal.…”

Section: Others: Pc Pmma Polyester Pa Pvc Purmentioning

confidence: 96%

Non-invasive identification of polymers in cultural heritage collections: evaluation, optimisation and application of portable FTIR (ATR and external reflectance) spectroscopy to three-dimensional polymer-based objects

2019

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The conservation of polymer-based cultural heritage is a major concern for collecting institutions internationally. Collections include a range of different polymers, each with its own degradation processes and preservation needs, however, they are frequently unidentified in collection catalogues. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for identifying polymers, which is vital for determining storage, exhibition, loan and treatment conditions. Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR), and External Reflection (ER) are proven effective FTIR sampling techniques for polymer identification and are beginning to appear in conservation labs. This paper evaluates and optimises the application of these two FTIR techniques to three-dimensional plastic objects in the museum context. Elements of the FTIR measurement process are investigated for 15 common polymers found in museum collections using both authentic reference sheets, and case study objects to model for surface characteristics. Including: use of the ATR and ER modules, the difference between clamping and manually holding objects in contact with the ATR crystal, use of the Kramers-Kronig Transformation, signal-to-noise ratios for increasing number of co-added scans, resultant time taken to collect each measurement, associated professional, health and safety considerations, and the use and availability of reference materials for polymer identify verification. Utilising this information, a flowchart for applying FTIR spectroscopy to three-dimensional historic plastic objects during museum collection surveys is proposed to guide the conservation profession.

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A study of stearyl alcohol bloom on Dan Hill PVC dolls and the influence of temperature

Cited by 11 publications

References 20 publications

Plastics in Heritage Collections: Poly(vinyl chloride) Degradation and Characterization

Plastics in Heritage Collections: Poly(vinyl chloride) Degradation and Characterization

Modelling clay materials used in artworks: an infrared spectroscopic investigation

Non-invasive identification of polymers in cultural heritage collections: evaluation, optimisation and application of portable FTIR (ATR and external reflectance) spectroscopy to three-dimensional polymer-based objects

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