A Study of Stress and Autonomic Function Test in Medical Students

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Medical students are frequently described as stressed in comparison with general population. 1,2 Particularly examinations are a major cause of stress. 3 High level of stress may have adverse effect on academic achievement. However there is a deficit of information regarding the interrelationship of stress and academic performance in medical students. The present study adds to the literature of the level of stress during examination and its impact on performance in a cohort of first year medical students. The study also discusses the areas where medical students are more stressful, effects of stress, student's adaptation styles, and intervention measures to deal with stress, as it is believed that healthy medical students are likely to become healthy doctors who can then be model and promote healthy lifestyles with their patients. 4 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: 1. To determine the effect of stress measured by self-evaluation questionnaire. 2. Impact of examination stress on the academic performance of first year medical students. 3. To study effect of premenstrual stress on autonomic function. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted on medical students to determine the examination stress measured by anxiety questionnaire and autonomic function tests. One hundred medical students studying in first academic year admitted for the first year during 2011-2012 in S.P. Medical College, Bikaner. Stress was measured during first terminal examination since it was the first major examination faced by the students after entering into the professional course. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION: In consort with previous research, the examination of first year medical students is stressful enough to affect the performance adversely. Since stress around examinations is strongly predicting the academic achievement, students should be exposed to stress management techniques to help prevent the known high consequences.

In situ solvothermal synthesis and characterization of transparent epoxy/TiO2 nanocomposites

“…From the diffraction curve of TiO 2 nanoparticles synthesized in the same condition as ET5, it can be found that the peaks were very sharp and the strong peaks at 2θ = 25.3° corresponded to the (101) crystal plane of anatase phase of TiO 2 . And also other crystal planes such as, (004), (200), (211), (204) corresponded to the standard diffraction patterns of face‐centered tetragonal anatase titanium dioxide (JPCDS NO.21‐1272),43–45 which confirmed successful formation of pure anatase phase in given solvothermal reaction condition. According to the calculation of Scherrer equation using the (101) peak, the average crystalline size of the anatase phase TiO 2 was around 4 nm.…”

Heat treatment and substrate dependant properties of titania thin films with high copper loading

“…A number of deposition methods have been used to prepare doped titania films such as sputtering , chemical solution deposition , pulsed laser deposition and sol–gel method . For practical applications sol–gel method is widely used because it provides numerous advantages over other fabrication techniques.…”

Formation of TiO2 photoanodes by simultaneous electrophoretic deposition of anatase and rutile particles for photoassisted electrolytic copper ions removal

“…[29][30][31] Photocatalysis has been shown to be an attractive alternative, and using TiO 2 particles in suspension has achieved promising results. [32][33][34] The metal ions present in effluents are usually found complexed by substances such as EDTA or Cyanide, species widely used in industrial applications. The photocatalytic treatment of these solutions has shown several problems where the oxidation of the EDTA is achieved, the reduction of metal ions is not attained; 30 or when cyanide complexes are present.…”

“…29 Although the results obtained with particulate materials have shown that the heterogeneous photocatalysis is a promising alternative of remediation for this type of effluent, findings have also revealed disadvantages related with the separation, recovery and recycling of the catalyst and metallic deposits from the treated effluents. [29][30][31][32][33][34] An alternative and effective methodology to overcome these inconveniences is photoassisted electrolysis. 35 With this technique, the TiO 2 is supported on a conductive substrate to be used as the anode and coupled with a conductive material acting as a cathode.…”