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This systematic review examines 76 studies that have utilised portable electroencephalographic (EEG) devices in naturalistic and semi‐naturalistic contexts. The review considers themes, purposes, contexts, application populations, device characteristics, and data use. The results show a dominance of studies focused on attention, in technology‐mediated semi‐naturalistic situations, in which records are made individually, with university students using low‐cost equipment with fewer than 15 channels. This review highlights an emerging field within educational research that has not yet been fully integrated into educational practice. However, these first experiences can gradually generate a body of knowledge that will facilitate future applications, together with the development of better and more accessible devices. The use of these devices in educational contexts raises ethical concerns, particularly the influence on teaching decisions by opaque commercial algorithms that may oversimplify assessments of specific cognitive processes and fail to adapt to individual student characteristics. Context and implicationsRationale for this study: Portable EEG devices are emerging tools that offer new insights into cognitive processes in learning situations.Why the new findings are important: The findings of this study demonstrate the potential of EEG to monitor aspects such as attention and cognitive load in real time, which could enhance the personalisation of educational strategies.Implications for educators, researchers and policy makers: This study has implications for educators, researchers and policy makers, as it illustrates how neurotechnology can be integrated into educational settings and emphasises the need for more naturalistic studies to maximise its impact. It also highlights the ethical challenges associated with the use of commercial algorithms in educational decision‐making.
This systematic review examines 76 studies that have utilised portable electroencephalographic (EEG) devices in naturalistic and semi‐naturalistic contexts. The review considers themes, purposes, contexts, application populations, device characteristics, and data use. The results show a dominance of studies focused on attention, in technology‐mediated semi‐naturalistic situations, in which records are made individually, with university students using low‐cost equipment with fewer than 15 channels. This review highlights an emerging field within educational research that has not yet been fully integrated into educational practice. However, these first experiences can gradually generate a body of knowledge that will facilitate future applications, together with the development of better and more accessible devices. The use of these devices in educational contexts raises ethical concerns, particularly the influence on teaching decisions by opaque commercial algorithms that may oversimplify assessments of specific cognitive processes and fail to adapt to individual student characteristics. Context and implicationsRationale for this study: Portable EEG devices are emerging tools that offer new insights into cognitive processes in learning situations.Why the new findings are important: The findings of this study demonstrate the potential of EEG to monitor aspects such as attention and cognitive load in real time, which could enhance the personalisation of educational strategies.Implications for educators, researchers and policy makers: This study has implications for educators, researchers and policy makers, as it illustrates how neurotechnology can be integrated into educational settings and emphasises the need for more naturalistic studies to maximise its impact. It also highlights the ethical challenges associated with the use of commercial algorithms in educational decision‐making.
С развитием технологий и новых научных направлений происходит консолидация знаний и методов различных наук. Одним из перспективных направлений в современных педагогических исследованиях является нейропедагогика. Исходя из этого, целью исследования является определение возможностей и ограничений использования нейротехнологий в образовании, а именно, для исследования электронного обучения и его улучшения. В работе проводится анализ результатов по исследованию образовательного видеоконтента, который автор проводил в течении последних двух лет. Использовались такие методы исследования как электроэнцефалография (ЭЭГ) и айтрекинг. На основе полученного опыта делается вывод о возможностях (оценка когнитивной нагрузки, определение уровней «концентрации» и «медитации», отслеживания фиксаций на образовательных материалах) и ограничениях (цена и доступность оборудования и программного обеспечения, сложность интерпретации результатов, этические вопросы) использования нейротехнологий для анализа образовательного контента. Возможности айтрекинга позволяют исследователям получить данные о том, в каком месте студент, в ходе изучения образовательных материалов фиксирует свой взгляд. С помощью этого можно отслеживать удобство восприятия материалов и то, как воспринимается текст, картинки и другая визуальная информация. Вслед за тем куда смотрит студент, можно определить какое количество времени он тратит на изучения тех или иных моментов, определить продолжительность фиксаций. Это позволяет определить на какие части материала обращают больше внимание, а на какие меньше. With the development of technologies and new scientific directions, the consolidation of knowledge and methods of various sciences occurs. One of the promising areas in modern pedagogical research is neuropedagogy. Based on this, the purpose of the study is to determine the possibilities and limitations of the use of neurotechnologies in education, namely, for the study of e-learning and its improvement. The paper analyzes the results of a study of educational video content that the author has conducted over the past two years. Research methods such as electroencephalography (EEG) and eye tracking were used. Based on the experience gained, a conclusion is made about the possibilities (assessment of cognitive load, determination of levels of “concentration” and “meditation,” tracking fixations on educational materials) and limitations (price and availability of equipment and software, difficulty in interpreting results, ethical issues) of using neurotechnologies for educational content analysis. Eye tracking capabilities allow researchers to obtain data on where a student fixes his gaze while studying educational materials. Using this, you can track the ease of perception of materials and how text, pictures and other visual information are perceived. Based on where the student is looking, you can determine how much time he spends studying certain points and determine the duration of fixations. This allows you to determine which parts of the material are paid more attention to and which ones receive less attention.
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