A Study Of Temperament and Personality in Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa

Dı́az-Marsá, Marina; Carrasco, José Luís; Sáiz, Jerónimo

doi:10.1521/pedi.2000.14.4.352

Cited by 148 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Someone with this diagnosis is frequently constrained, conforming, obsessional, rigid, and perfectionistic" (p. S69). To demonstrate, we present a vignette of an individual with AN ( Figure 2) drawn from an historical account from 1866 (cited in Brumberg, 1988) to highlight features extensively documented in AN both premorbidly and following weight restoration: cognitive and behavioral rigidity (Anderluh et al, 2003;, perfectionism (Bastiani, Rao, Weltzin, & Kaye, 1995;Bulik et al, 2003;Halmi et al, 2000;Woodside et al, 2002), social withdrawal (Diaz-Marsa, Carrasco, & Saiz, 2000; I. C. Gillberg et al, 1995;Godart et al, 2004;Holliday, Uher, Landau, Collier, & Treasure, 2006;Karwautz, Troop, Rabe-Hesketh, Collier, & Treasure, 2003;Kaye et al, 2004), constriction (Geller, Cockell, Hewitt, Goldner, & Flett, 2000), and harm avoidance (Diaz-Marsa et al, 2000;Klump et al, 2000Klump et al, , 2004. In fact, the reliable presentation of this behavioral and personality cluster has been demonstrated to add to the incremental validity of diagnostic accuracy (Westen & Harnden-Fischer, 2001).…”

Section: Overview Of the Phenotypic Expression Of Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anorexia nervosa and autism spectrum disorders: Guided investigation of social cognitive endophenotypes.

Zucker¹,

Losh²,

Bulik³

et al. 2007

Psychological Bulletin

254

211

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Death by suicide occurs in a disproportionate percentage of individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN), with a standardized mortality ratio indicating a 57-fold greater risk of death from suicide relative to an age-matched cohort. Longitudinal studies indicate impaired social functioning increases risk for fatal outcomes, while social impairment persists following recovery. Study of social cognition in AN may elucidate impaired processes that may influence therapeutic efficacy. Symptoms of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are overrepresented in those who evidence a chronic course. Relative to that in AN, social information processing in ASD is well characterized and may inform systematic study in AN. This article (a) reviews impaired interpersonal processes in AN, (b) compares the phenotype of AN with that of ASD, (c) highlights deficits of social cognitive disturbance in ASD relative to AN, and (d) proposes a new framework to understand the interaction of individuals with AN with their social context.Keywords: anorexia nervosa, social cognition, autism, interpersonal functioning, eating disorders Individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) have a nearly 12-fold greater risk of death from all causes and a 57-fold greater risk of death from suicide relative to their age-matched peers (Keel et al., 2003). Such troubling statistics speak to the incapacitating, perplexing, and isolating nature of AN, a severe psychiatric illness that negatively impacts the biological, emotional, and psychosocial functioning of both the affected individual and her or his family (Harris & Barraclough, 1998;Treasure, Whitaker, Whitney, & Schmidt, 2005). In fact, AN exacts a toll on the family reported to exceed that experienced by families with a child with a severe psychiatric disorder such as schizophrenia . Although guiding epidemiologic data are currently lacking, there has been increasing concern regarding several notable trends: (a) an upsurge of AN in both younger and older ages than has been previously reported Johnson, Cohen, Kasen, & Brook, 2006;Marcus & Kalarchian, 2003), (b) increased incidence in minority groups hitherto thought protected (Decaluwe, Braet, & Fairburn, 2003;Tanofsky-Kraff et al., 2003), and (c) recent published reports of extensive illness burden among family members Treasure, Whitaker, Whitney, & Schmidt, 2005;Whitney & Eisler, 2005). Such patterns highlight the broad impact of these illnesses and underscore the urgency of alternative approaches to illness management.While advances have been made in the treatment of adolescents with a relatively short duration of illness (Lock & le Grange, 2005), progress in the treatment of adults with AN remains limited, at best (W. S. Agras et al., 2004;Kaplan, 2002). Of note, a report issued by the National Institute of Mental Health (W. S. Agras et al., 2004) emphasized the absence of innovative treatment approaches over the past several decades. This conclusion was recently echoed in an evidence-based review calling for novel intervention strategies that target core biological...

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Section: Overview Of the Phenotypic Expression Of Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anorexia nervosa and autism spectrum disorders: Guided investigation of social cognitive endophenotypes.

Zucker¹,

Losh²,

Bulik³

et al. 2007

Psychological Bulletin

254

211

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Sin embargo, estos porcentajes tan elevados de comorbilidad descienden de forma relevante cuando se recurre a entrevistas estructuradas. En estos casos las tasas de comorbilidad oscilan entre el 26% y el 75% (Gartner, Marcus, Halmi y Loranger, 1989;Kennedy et al, 1995;Marañón, Echeburúa y Grijalvo, 2004;Matsunaga, Kiriike, Nagata y Yamagami, 1998;Díaz-Marsa, Carrasco y Saiz, 2000;Matsxmaga et al, 2000).…”

Section: Tabla 2 Prevalencia De Los Trastornos De Personalidad En Elunclassified

Uso y abuso de los autoinformes en la evaluación de los trastornos de personalidad

Montalvo¹,

Echeburúa²

2006

RPPC

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Resumen: En este artículo se lleva a cabo una revisión de las discrepancias observadas en los estudios de comorbilidad entre los trastornos mentales del Eje I y los trastornos de personalidad. Las investigaciones llevadas a cabo hasta la fecha muestran un amplio rango en la tasa de comorbilidad, con variaciones en función del tipo de instrumento de evaluación utilizado. Los estudios que recurren a cuestionarios muestran tasas significativamente más altas de trastornos de personalidad que los llevados a cabo con entrevistas clínicas. Los autoinformes presentan, por tanto, una tendencia a sobrediagnosticar trastornos de personalidad. Las entrevistas clínicas, en cambio, son más estrictas y conservadoras, por lo que las tasas de prevalencia son más bajas y ajustadas, incluso con diferencias significativas cuando se utilizan ambos tipos de instrumentos con una misma muestra clínica. Se ejemplifican estos datos con estudios concretos llevados a cabo en el ámbito del alcoholismo, la ludopatia, la adicción a la cocaína y los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria. Por últi-mo, se comentan las implicaciones de este hecho para la práctica clínica cotidiana y para la investigación futura. Palabras clave: Trastornos de personalidad, autoinformes, entrevistas clínicas, evaluación. Use and abuse ofself-reports in the assessment ofpersonality disorders Abstract:In this paper an analysis of the observed discrepancies in studíes about the comorbidity between mental disorders of Axis I and personality disorders was carried out. Research shows a wide range of the comorbidity rates, with variations in function of the kind of assessment tool used. The studies that use self-reports show significantly higher rates ofpersonality disorders than the ones using clinical interviews. Therefore, self-reports have a tendency to over-diagnose personality disorders. However, clinical interviews are stricter and more conservative and so the prevalence rates are lower, even with significant differences when both types of assessment tools are used with the same clinical sample. These data are illustrated with specific studies carried out in some clinical disorders: alcoholism, pathological gambling, cocaine dependence and eating disorders. Lastly, implications of this study for clinical practice and future research are commented upon.

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“…Estes traços são consistentes com o descontrole e a purgação. 6 A impulsividade e a instabilidade afetiva parecem ser aspectos centrais do temperamento de indivíduos com BN, 7 especialmente aqueles que apresentam dependência química. 8 Estudos recentes têm sugerido que a baixa auto-estima 9,10 ou auto-avaliação negativa 3,11 são fatores de risco importantes tanto para AN quanto para BN.…”

Section: Fatores Individuaisunclassified

Etiologia dos transtornos alimentares: aspectos biológicos, psicológicos e sócio-culturais

Morgan

Vecchiatti

Negrão

2002

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

105

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Os transtornos alimentares possuem uma etiologia multifatorial, composta de predisposições genéticas, socioculturais e vulnerabilidades biológicas e psicológicas. Entre os fatores predisponentes, destacam-se a história de transtorno alimentar e (ou) transtorno do humor na família, os padrões de interação presentes no ambiente familiar, o contexto sociocultural, caracterizado pela extrema valorização do corpo magro, disfunções no metabolismo das monoaminas centrais e traços de personalidade. A dieta é o comportamento precursor que geralmente antecede a instalação de um transtorno alimentar. Contudo, a presença isolada da dieta não é suficiente para desencadear o transtorno alimentar, tornando-se necessária uma interação entre os fatores de risco e outros eventos precipitantes. Por último, o curso transitório ou crônico de um transtorno alimentar está relacionado à persistência de distorções cognitivas, à ocorrência de eventos vitais significativos e a alterações secundárias ao estado de desnutrição. Resumo Descritores Abstract Keywords IntroduçãoOs transtornos alimentares (TA) têm uma etiologia multifatorial, ou seja, são determinados por uma diversidade de fatores que interagem entre si de modo complexo, para produzir e, muitas vezes, perpetuar a doença. Classicamente, distinguem-se os fatores predisponentes, precipitantes e os mantenedores dos TA.

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A Study Of Temperament and Personality in Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa

Cited by 148 publications

References 1 publication

Anorexia nervosa and autism spectrum disorders: Guided investigation of social cognitive endophenotypes.

Anorexia nervosa and autism spectrum disorders: Guided investigation of social cognitive endophenotypes.

Uso y abuso de los autoinformes en la evaluación de los trastornos de personalidad

Etiologia dos transtornos alimentares: aspectos biológicos, psicológicos e sócio-culturais

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