A study of the atmospheric oxidation of metals and alloys at different temperatures by electron-diffraction

Bound, Michelle; Richards, Daniel A.

doi:10.1088/0959-5309/51/2/305

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In deriving this equation it has been assumed that the resistivity of oxide formed is very much larger than that of the metal. This condition is satisfied in the present studies as the oxide and sulphide formed on the thin film of tin at room temperature are amorphous (Bound and Richards 1939;Hart 1952;Britton and Bright 1957;Boggs et al 1961b;Raymond and Donald 1955). From (1) it is clear that the oxide thickness x is proportional to -1/R.…”

Section: Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Oxidation of thin films of tin at room temperature in hydrogen sulphide atmosphere

Muneera

Nayar

1984

Bull. Mater. Sci.

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The oxidation of thin films of tin at room temperature in an atmosphere containing 10 ~, H2S and 900~o air has been studied by measuring the changes in resistance of thin films. Morphological studies have also been carried out using optical and scanning electron microscopes. Reaction kinetics change from logarithmic law at ordinary atmospheres to a power law in the presence of H2S. The basis of formation of sulphidemlong with the oxide is explained, the former growing on a lower layer and the latter on an upper layer.

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Section: Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Oxidation of thin films of tin at room temperature in hydrogen sulphide atmosphere

Muneera

Nayar

1984

Bull. Mater. Sci.

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“…for each reaction have been calculated from the data of Hincke ( 8), Simon and Thaler (9), and Coughlin (10). Reactions [1], [3], and [4] are inconsistent with the kinetic analysis, giving impossibly high or low values of P,,,,,.. Reaction [2], on the other hand, satisfactorily accounts for the predictions of both Eq.…”

Section: ~C Exp (--Th/rt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As in ZnS, Cu is an efficient activator of alkaline earth sulfides. Excess Cu~S has been proposed as responsible for local field intensification in ZnS EL phosphors (4). Through the use of excess Cu, a system analogous, with respect to energy transfer, to ZnS: Cu,Mn was sought.…”

Section: Cas:cueu Electroluminescent Phosphorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of the Oxidation of Antimony

Rosenberg

Menna

Turnbull

1960

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The oxidation of antimony has been studied between 265 ~ and 385~ The reaction is characterized by an initially parabolic growth rate, which degenerates into a time-independent rate, controlled by the gaseous diffusion of (Sb~O~)~ from the surface region to the cold wall outside the sample furnace. The stationary rate decreases with increasing oxygen pressure and with increasing diffusion length. A compact layer of Sb~O~ forms on the antimony surface and supports a further overgrowth of Sb~O~. Kinetic data have been analyzed to obtain thermochemical parameters for the reaction which yields (Sb~Os)2(g) and agreement is obtained with known data for the equilibrium 2Sb~Os(s) ~ (Sb20~)2(g).Several studies now in progress in these laboratories (1) deal with the oxidation of intermetallic compounds containing antimony as a principal element. To provide a suitable frame of reference, it has been necessary to examine the oxidation of elemental antimony itself. The present article is concerned with the kinetics of this reaction in the temperature range, 265 ~ ~ ExperimentalReaction rates were determined by following the oxygen pressure at constant volume. A thermistor manometer was used, permitting instantaneous pressure measurements in the range, 1-500 ~, with a precision of better than 0.1% (2).Single crystals of 99.999-~% antimony were used. Small wafers were cleaved normal to the (0001) direction, and this plane accounted for more than 75% of the exposed surfaces, which totaled 0.5 cm ~ per sample. The samples were cleaved in air and transferred directly to an 8 mm tube which was then connected to an adsorption apparatus of the type described earlier (2). A movable tube furnace which maintained the sample temperature to • I~ was then raised into position. Oxygen of spectroscopic purity was used throughout.

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“…They obtained patterns of Cu~O, CuO, and a new oxide CuO', characterized by three intense reflections. Bound and Richards (11) and Preston and Bireumshaw (12) studied the oxidation of copper below 200~ and found that Cu20 was the only oxide formed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bound and Richards (11) studied the oxidation of evaporated zinc films. No mention is made of a pseudomorphic oxide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron Diffraction Studies on the Oxidation of Pure Copper and Pure Zinc Between 200° and 500°C

Gulbransen

McMlllan

1952

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Previous workers identified an oxide normalCuO ' in addition to Cu2O and normalCuO during the oxidation of copper. Studies on pure copper, electrodeposited copper, and evaporated copper show that the extra reflections characteristic of normalCuO ' may be interpreted as due to an oxide of lead or zinc. These impurities, although present in trace amounts, concentrate in the surface layer during oxidation or are picked up from the surrounding atmosphere. Cu2O is found to be the essential oxide in the surface layer for oxidations in the temperature range of 200° to 400°C, with normalCuO forming during longer oxidation times at 400° and 500°C. In high vacua the normalCuO disappears by the solid phase reaction of copper to form Cu2O . These observations show that at temperatures of 200° to 500°C the cuprous ion diffuses through the Cu2O structure.Finch and Quarrell, in a study of the oxides formed on molten zinc and evaporated zinc films, propose an oxide pseudomorphic with zinc in that its cell is distorted slightly to match that of the underlying metal. This pseudomorphic oxide changes to the normal form at higher temperatures. The present oxidation studies using super‐pure zinc rods and evaporated zinc specimens give electron diffraction patterns of zinc and normal normalZnO but no evidence for the pseudomorphic oxide.

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A study of the atmospheric oxidation of metals and alloys at different temperatures by electron-diffraction

Cited by 11 publications

References 11 publications

Oxidation of thin films of tin at room temperature in hydrogen sulphide atmosphere

Oxidation of thin films of tin at room temperature in hydrogen sulphide atmosphere

Kinetics of the Oxidation of Antimony

Electron Diffraction Studies on the Oxidation of Pure Copper and Pure Zinc Between 200° and 500°C

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