A Study of the Basal Metabolism and Diet of Normal Young College Women in Florida

Tilt, Jennie; Walters, C.

doi:10.1093/jn/9.1.109

Cited by 9 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 9 publications

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“…Reports of carefully conducted studies indicate alti tude has little, if any, influence on the basal metabolic rate (Iliff et al, 1940 ;Lewis et si., 1943cLewis et si., , 1943d. Observa tions of basal metabolism that are somewhrt lower than the socalled normal have been reported from studies conducted in the southern and southwestern parts of the United States (Tilt and Waters, 1935;Naldandov et al., 1938 ;Thompson et al, 1948;end Thompson, et al, 1959). Reports indicate that individuals living in tropical areas have lower metabolic rates, based on body size, then individuals living in the temperate zone (Mason, 1940;and G-alvao, 1948) .…”

Section: From the Time Of Magnus-levy And Falk (1899) It Has Beenmentioning

confidence: 92%

Influence of age and body weight on energy expenditure of women during controlled physical activity

Langford

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Signature was redacted for privacy.Signature was redacted for privacy.Signature was redacted for privacy. il TABLE OF CONTENTS Page . . . However important the requirements for specific nutrients may be, the energy requirement is primary and, under ordinary conditions, will be satisfied be fore, and even at the expense of, any other. Even if the studies already made were sufficient to settle the problems of the past, every new industry, improvement in housing, end changing habits of spending leisure, give rise to new problems .... (Orr and Leitch, 1938, p. 509) Fundamental studies of energy metabolism were conducted during the early part of the twentieth century. These studies provided concepts which are basic to our interpretation of the energy needs of people. Changes in dietary habits of indi viduals, in housing, In mode of living, and in the nature of occupational and recreational activities necessitate a reevaluation of the energy requirements of people. Swanson et al. ( 1955) have reported evidence that the Calorie value of diets of women of the North Central Region in the United States was less than the daily energy allowances recommended by the Food and Nutrition Board of the National Research Council (1953, 1958) although there was a relatively high incidence of overweight or obesity among the women. The daily energy allowances recommended by the Food and Nutrition Board for men and women are adjusted in accordance with vari ations in age, body size, and climate. Although the influence of these factors on basal metabolism have been studied exten sively, relatively little investigation has been made of them in relation to energy expenditure other than in the basal 1919; Dreyer, 1920; Krogh, 1923; Boothby et al., 1936; end Robertson and Reid, 1952). From studies at the Carnegie Nutrition Laboratory of the metabolic rates of animals, Benedict (1938) concluded that basal metabolism was not related to body surface area but was influenced by several independent factors including age, weight, height, sex, the amount of active protoplasmic tissue in the body and the internal stimulus to cellular activity. 8 Variations in the stimulus to cellular activity were attribut ed to age, sleep, prolonged fasting, character of the diet and the after-effects of severe muscular work. Davenport (1993), in his study of the hereditary factors of body build, sug gested the possibility of internal biochemical differences due perhaps to hereditary factors working through special organs that influence metabolism, notably the endocrine glands. Brody (1945, p. 383) investigated the basal metabolism of animals of different species and concluded that basal energy metabolism did not vary with the first power of body weight, with , or with anatomic surface area ; it varied directly with "metabolically effective body weight." If the metabollcally effective body weight was designated as the value of the exponent b was 0.73 for many animals "ranging from mice to cattle, and perhaps elephants " including man. According to Brody, the basal m...

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Section: From the Time Of Magnus-levy And Falk (1899) It Has Beenmentioning

confidence: 92%

Influence of age and body weight on energy expenditure of women during controlled physical activity

Langford

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Basal metabolism from the standpoint of racial anthropology

Wilson

1945

American J Phys Anthropol

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When Eijkman (1896, '21) reported finding values for the oxygen consumption of Malay and European men in Batavia that agreed well with previously published values for normal men in Germany, the special object of his investigation was to study the chemical heat regulation in the tropics. The concept of a racial factor per se in metabolism was not advanced at that time, but survey of the literature indicates that, from the standpoint of respiratory exchange, the initial study in this field is represented by Eijkman's work. The results of Almeida ( '21 a, '21 b, '24) are not in agreement with those of Eijkman. Almeida found that white men in Brazil had basal metabolic rates (B.M.R.) averaging 24 and 16% below American standards and that Negroes had rates only 8% higher than did the Whites in Brazil. Metabolism studies on normal individuals in many different parts of the world followed these studies of Eijkman and Almeida in rapid succession, and the investigations of Benedict and his co-workers gave particular impetus to consideration of the role played by race itself.The claim that race is a factor in determining the level of basal metabolism appears to be based on three types of findings : (1) That the basal metabolism values found with different races of people in varioue parts of the world lie appreciably above o r below the average normal standards established for Americans and Europeans, (2) that the metabolic rates of Chinese, Japanese, and South Indians are below the normal standards, even when individuals of these races are living in a temperate climate and leading the life of MTesterners, and (3) that the basal metabolism of Whites living in the tropics either shows no deviation from normal standards or only a slight decrease or increase but in any event usually not so great a deviation as noted with native inhabitants of the tropics.I n the majority of such qtudies, minus values have been reported for the percentage deviations from the standards, but for Eskimos, American Indians, certain Javanese in mountain regions, the Mia0 race of Kweichow, and natives and Italians in Somalia deviations averaging

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Activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis during exposure to cold

Fregly

1989

Pharmacology & Therapeutics

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A Study of the Basal Metabolism and Diet of Normal Young College Women in Florida

Cited by 9 publications

References 9 publications

Influence of age and body weight on energy expenditure of women during controlled physical activity

Influence of age and body weight on energy expenditure of women during controlled physical activity

Basal metabolism from the standpoint of racial anthropology

Activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis during exposure to cold

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