A Study of the Combined Use of Carbon Black and Silicon Dioxide in Tyre Tread Formulations. Part 5. the Payne Effect

A Study of the Combined use of Carbon Black and Silica in Tyre Tread Formulations

“…In our opinion, this is borne out by the relaxation spectra of specimens with different carbon black/silica ratios ( Figures 1c to e ). The peak at lg t = 5.51, which appears only in specimens containing carbon black and silica ( Figures 1c to e ), corresponds to a mixed structure of the ‘carbon black–silica’ type, the possible existence of which was suggested in communications 1 to 5 [1–5]. A further peak appears for all rubber compounds containing silica in some quantity.…”

“…The previous communications [1][2][3][4][5] presented data on the production technology for tread rubbers and data indicating the wide range of their physicomechanical, dynamic, and service properties, depending on the ratio of carbon black and silica in them. Thus, in communication 5 [5] it was shown that the main structural changes arise in the region of medium carbon black/silica ratios, and the effective activation energies of these processes were assessed.…”

“…Silanisation lowers the strength of the ‘silicon–silicon’ structure, makes the particles more oleophilic towards rubber macromolecules, and makes it possible to form common structures with carbon black particles. Silanisation, by weakening the strength of the ‘silicon–silicon’ structure, is manifested also by a reduction in the Payne effect [5].…”