Collision-induced dissociation of the benzylammonium and the 4-tert-butyl benzylammonium ions was studied experimentally in an electrospray ionization quadrupole-hexapole-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer. Ion fragmentation efficiencies were determined as functions of the kinetic energy of ions and the collider gas (argon) pressure. A theoretical Monte Carlo model of ion collisional excitation, scattering, and decomposition was developed. The model includes simulation of the trajectories of the parent and the product ions flight through the hexapole collision cell, quasiclassical trajectory modeling of collisional activation and scattering of ions, and Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus (RRKM) modeling of the parent ion decomposition. The results of modeling demonstrate a general agreement between calculations and experiment. Calculated values of ion fragmentation efficiency are sensitive to initial vibrational excitation of ions, scattering of product ions from the collision cell, and distribution of initial ion velocities orthogonal to the axis of the collision cell. Three critical parameters of the model were adjusted to reproduce the experimental data on the dissociation of the benzylammonium ion: reaction enthalpy and initial internal and translational temperatures of the ions. Subsequent application of the model to decomposition of the t-butyl benzylammonium ion required adjustment of the internal ion temperature only. Energy distribution functions obtained in modeling depend on the average numbers of collisions between the ion and the atoms of the collider gas and, in general, have non-Boltzmann shapes. (J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2010, 21, 425-439) © 2010 American Society for Mass Spectrometry F ragmentation of gaseous ions has long been an important source of information on the properties of these ions and the corresponding parent species. Studies of collision-induced dissociation (CID) mass spectra of many types of ions provide important information on their structure, thermochemistry, and other properties; recently, the main focus of such studies shifted to the analysis of large biomolecules, such as proteins and peptides (e.g., [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11].As a result of many studies, the many features of collisional ion dissociation have been elucidated, including those of fragmentation of the ions of large biomolecules (e.g., [9,[12][13][14][15][16][17] and references therein). However, the factors that determine absolute and relative abundances of possible fragments are not well understood, certainly not to the point that would enable quantitative prediction of CID mass spectra. It is generally understood that the successful modeling of collisional ion dissociation would require correct quantitative description of three factors: (1) the chemical mechanism of fragmentation (i.e., the sequence of intramolecular rearrangements and decomposition and the potential energy surfaces of these processes), (2) rovibrational excitation of the parent ion as a result of collisions with the inert collider gas, a...