A study of the effect of impurities on CO 2 storage capacity in geological formations

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) represents the technology for capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) produced from large emission sources, such as fossil-fuel power plants, transporting and depositing it in underground geological formations, such as depleted oil and gas fields. CO2 injection flow rate ramp-up time is essential for the development of optimal injection strategies and bestpractice guidelines for the minimisation of the risks associated with the process. The rate of rapid quasi-adiabatic Joule-Thomson expansion when high pressure CO2 is injected into a low pressure injection well if not monitored carefully may lead to significant temperature drops posing several risks, including: blockage due to hydrate and ice formation with interstitial water. The paper employ a Homogeneous Equilibrium Mixture (HEM) model, where the mass, momentum, and energy conservation equations are considered for a mixture of liquid and gaseous phases assumed to be at thermal and mechanical equilibrium with one another. In particular, this study considers linearly ramped-up injection mass flow rate from 0 to 38.5 kg/s over 5 minutes (fast), 30 minutes (medium) and 2 hours (slow). The reliability and applicability of the HEM model is tested against real-life CO2 injection experiment wellbore temperature data obtained from the Ketzin pilot site Brandenburg, Germany. The ramping up injection mass flow rate simulation results predicted the fast (5 mins) injection ramp-up as best option for the minimisation of the associated process risks.

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“…Finally, Eqs. (9) to (11) can now be readily solved for a complete description of the flow conditions in the ghost cell at the wellhead.…”

Section: Top Of the Wellmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the impact of flow rate ramp-up on carbon dioxide start-up injection

Samuel

Mahgerefteh

2019

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

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“…For storage, CO 2 is captured in fossil-fuel-based power plants and other industrial facilities. The flue gas from these sources contains not only CO 2 but also various impurities such as sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), oxygen (O 2 ), nitrogen (N 2 ), hydrogen (H 2 ), and carbon monoxide (CO) [2][3][4][5]. The process of removing these impurities to obtain pure CO 2 is costly; thus, the coinjection of impurities has an advantage in that it can reduce costs significantly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The process of removing these impurities to obtain pure CO 2 is costly; thus, the coinjection of impurities has an advantage in that it can reduce costs significantly. However, the coinjection of impurities not only corrodes injection facilities, such as pipelines and injection wells, but also adversely affects CO 2 injectivity [2,5,6]. Among these impurities, coinjection of even a small amount of SO 2 extremely acidifies the groundwater due to formation of sulfuric acid, which accelerates the dissolution/precipitation of minerals in reservoir rocks [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of SO₂ on Alteration of Reservoir Rock with Ca-Deficient Conditions and Poor Buffering Capacity under a CO₂ Geologic Storage Condition

et al. 2018

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The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of SO 2 -CO 2 -water-rock interaction on the alteration of a reservoir rock having Ca-deficient conditions and little buffering capacity and its implication for porosity change near the injection well from a CO 2 storage pilot site, Republic of Korea. For our study, three cases of experimental and geochemical modeling were carried out (pure CO 2 , 0.1% SO 2 in CO 2 , and 1% SO 2 in CO 2 , resp.) under realistic geologic storage conditions. Our results show that SO 2 accelerated waterrock interactions by lowering the pH. In the 1% SO 2 case, pH remained less than 2 during the experiments because of insufficient buffering capacity. Sulfate minerals were not precipitated because of an insufficient supply of Ca. Because the total volume of precipitated secondary minerals was less than that of the dissolved primary minerals, the porosity of rock increased in all cases. Chlorite largely contributed to the decrease in total rock volume although it formed only 4.8 wt.% of the rock. Our study shows that the coinjection of a certain amount of SO 2 at CO 2 storage reservoirs without carbonate and Ca-rich minerals can significantly increase the porosity by enhancing water-rock interactions. This procedure can be beneficial to CO 2 injection under some conditions.

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“…More recently, some studies have investigated the influence of CO2 and associated impurities on the reservoir formation through batch experiments (Jafari Raad and Hassanzadeh, 2016;Pearce et al, 2016bPearce et al, , 2016aPearce et al, , 2015bPearce et al, , 2015aWang et al, 2015;Z. Wang et al, 2016) and geochemical modelling (Lei et al, 2016;Pearce et al, 2016a;Waldmann and Rütters, 2016;Wolf et al, 2016) for both reservoir and caprock core samples obtained from different locations around the world.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wang et al, 2016) and geochemical modelling (Lei et al, 2016;Pearce et al, 2016a;Waldmann and Rütters, 2016;Wolf et al, 2016) for both reservoir and caprock core samples obtained from different locations around the world. It was reported that the presence of impurities in the injected CO2 stream can potentially affect the reservoir storage capacity (Talman, 2015), fluids miscibility in oil and gas reservoirs (Coelho et al, 2015), solubility trapping (Li and Jiang, 2014;Ziabakhsh-Ganji and Kooi, 2014), and corrosion of well casings, which can result in environmental concerns in the case of leakage from injection facilities (Ziabakhsh-Ganji and Kooi, 2014), and increased storage cost (Wang et al, 2015).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

CO2-brine-rock interactions: The effect of impurities on grain size distribution and reservoir permeability

Aminu

Nabavi

Manović

2018

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

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The Bunter Sandstone formation in the UK Southern North Sea has been identified as having the potential to store large volumes of CO2. Prior to injection, CO2 is captured with certain amounts of impurities, usually less than 5%vol. The dissolution of these impurities in formation water can cause chemical reactions between CO2, brine, and rock, which can affect the reservoir quality by altering properties such as permeability. In this study, we explored the effect of CO2 and impurities (NO2, SO2, H2S) on reservoir permeability by measuring changes in grain size distributions after a prolonged period of 9 months, simulating in situ experimental conditions. It was found that the effects of pure CO2 and CO2-H2S are relatively small, i.e., CO2 increased permeability by 5.5% and CO2-H2S decreased it by 5.5%. Also, CO2-SO2 slightly decreased permeability by 6.25%, while CO2-NO2 showed the most pronounced effect, reducing permeability by 41.6%. The decrease in permeability showed a correlation with decreasing pH of the formation water and this equally correlates with a decrease in geometric mean of the grain diameter. The findings from this study are aimed to be used in future modelling studies on reservoir performance during injection and storage, which also should account for the shifts in boundaries in the CO2 phase diagram, altering the reservoir properties and affecting the cost of storage.

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A study of the effect of impurities on CO 2 storage capacity in geological formations

Cited by 35 publications

References 13 publications

Investigating the impact of flow rate ramp-up on carbon dioxide start-up injection

Investigating the impact of flow rate ramp-up on carbon dioxide start-up injection

Impact of SO₂ on Alteration of Reservoir Rock with Ca-Deficient Conditions and Poor Buffering Capacity under a CO₂ Geologic Storage Condition

CO2-brine-rock interactions: The effect of impurities on grain size distribution and reservoir permeability

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A study of the effect of impurities on CO 2 storage capacity in geological formations

Cited by 35 publications

References 13 publications

Investigating the impact of flow rate ramp-up on carbon dioxide start-up injection

Investigating the impact of flow rate ramp-up on carbon dioxide start-up injection

Impact of SO2 on Alteration of Reservoir Rock with Ca-Deficient Conditions and Poor Buffering Capacity under a CO2 Geologic Storage Condition

CO2-brine-rock interactions: The effect of impurities on grain size distribution and reservoir permeability

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Impact of SO₂ on Alteration of Reservoir Rock with Ca-Deficient Conditions and Poor Buffering Capacity under a CO₂ Geologic Storage Condition