A study of the effects of minor additives to Pb-Bi eutectic: Designing novel Pb-Bi-X liquid alloys for heat transfer applications

Popović, Maša; Olmsted, David L.; Bolind, Alan Michael; Asta, Mark; Sohn, So Young; Schroers, Jan; Shao, Robin; Hosemann, Peter

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2018.08.044

Cited by 9 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 32 publications

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“…Fusible alloys are widely used in solar power generation, chip-heat dissipation, and nuclear power systems due to their excellent thermal properties and high-temperature stability [1][2][3]. Among the various low-melting-point alloy systems, tin-based alloys have been extensively studied [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Ga on the Oxide Film Structure and Oxidation Resistance of Sn–Bi–Zn Alloys as Heat Transfer Fluids

et al. 2020

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The effect of gallium on the oxide film structure and overall oxidation resistance of low melting point Sn–Bi–Zn alloys was investigated under air atmosphere using thermogravimetric analyses. The liquid alloys studied had a Ga content of 1–7 wt.%. The results showed that the growth rates of the surface scale formed on the Sn–Bi–Zn–Ga alloys conformed to the parabolic law. The oxidation resistance of Sn–Bi–Zn alloys was improved by Ga addition and the activation energies increased from 12.05 kJ∙mol−1 to 22.20 kJ∙mol−1. The structure and elemental distribution of the oxide film surface and cross-section were found to become more complicated and denser with Ga addition. Further, the results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction show that Ga elements accumulate on the surface of the liquid metal to form oxides, which significantly slowed the oxidation of the surface of the liquid alloy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Ga on the Oxide Film Structure and Oxidation Resistance of Sn–Bi–Zn Alloys as Heat Transfer Fluids

et al. 2020

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Interfacial Engineering of Room Temperature Liquid Metals

Liu

Cui

et al. 2021

Adv Materials Inter

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and formed spontaneously and instantaneously upon exposure to atmospheric oxygen. [1-3] The thin film or "protective skin" covering the surface of RTLMs, generally dominated the physical properties and applications of the materials. This thin film is composed of a majority fraction of gallium oxides with a much smaller amount of indium and tin oxides. [4] When immersed in acidic or alkaline electrolytes, the oxidic films of RTLMs will be dissolved. [5-8] Due to the disorder of internal structure, the surface of the spherical liquid metal droplet is smooth and removable under the function of surface tension. [9,10] According to the size and structure of the solid substrate, the contact areas between the liquid metal and the solid substrate shows various wetting phenomena and corresponding application scenarios. [11-14] Surface chemical composition plays the primary role in dominating various phenomena and practical applications of RTLMs, which possessed the technologically important and scientifically interesting parameter. Gallium-based liquid metal is similar in structure to conventional solid metal, except for some covalent bonds inside, and the physicochemical properties have the commonality of both metallic solid and fluid properties. [15] The composition of gallium-based alloys can be assumed as made up of several atomic groups, within which the permutation of the solid remains, the binding energy between the liquid atoms remains strong, but the binding force between the groups was broken. The interface refers to the contact area between the different phases, which is the transition layer from one phase to another. The binding force of electrons that are relatively far away from the inner core is related to their energy, causing the interface behavior between different phases to be incompletely consistent. The surface is a type of interface, which specifically refers to the gas phase substance in interfacial behavior. In the processes of thermodynamics, [16,17] surface absorption, [18,19] controllable wetting, [6,13,20] material catalysis, [21,22] redox, and other physical and chemical reactions, [23,24] RTLMs inevitably contact with other substances with different phase states. Even the pure liquid metal would contact with oxygen in the air to yield a thin protective film. [17,25,26] Therefore, the investigation of interfacial behaviors between RTLMs and different surrounding mediums is helpful to renovate and broaden the understanding and applications of liquid metal. So far, there gradually appeared literature on phenomena and mechanism of the interfacial effect of RTLMs, such as synthesis of low-dimensional materials in the gas atmosphere, [27,28] Room temperature liquid metals (RTLMs), especially those made of galliumbased alloys belong to an emerging versatile material with fascinating characteristics derived from its simultaneous metallic and inherent fluidic natures. The interfacial effects of liquid metal involved in diverse surfaces thus play critical roles in explaining many fundamental phenomena....

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An all-around way to analyze the corrosion behavior and the potential applications of high-entropy alloys coating

Wang,

Zhang,

et al. 2024

Ceramics International

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A study of the effects of minor additives to Pb-Bi eutectic: Designing novel Pb-Bi-X liquid alloys for heat transfer applications

Cited by 9 publications

References 32 publications

Effect of Ga on the Oxide Film Structure and Oxidation Resistance of Sn–Bi–Zn Alloys as Heat Transfer Fluids

Effect of Ga on the Oxide Film Structure and Oxidation Resistance of Sn–Bi–Zn Alloys as Heat Transfer Fluids

Interfacial Engineering of Room Temperature Liquid Metals

An all-around way to analyze the corrosion behavior and the potential applications of high-entropy alloys coating

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