“…Grosheva et al [ 18 ] Reported that nEMG was useful in assessing the prognosis of acute facial nerve palsy in a series of tests, and 14 days of onset were the appropriate time for testing because the neurological damage site can be identified after 14 days after the onset. However, nEMG causes pain in the patient due to the insertion of the electrode, and can be erroneous if not inserted correctly in a specific muscle [ 6 ].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In contrast, there is no pain induction, and the method is simpler than the conventional nEMG, which makes it easy to repeat measurement and follow-up because sEMG is a non-invasive method that attaches electrodes to the skin surface [ 5 , 6 , 8 ]. Nikolaus et al [ 19 ] Have proposed a new direction of facial sEMG studies by studying the facial EMG patterns of normal people using the sEMG devices, Kim et al [ 10 ] Suggested the possibility of sEMG as an assessment tool of facial nerve palsy by analyzing the correlation between sEMG and clinical assessment scale.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…EMG is an electrical measurement method for one unit of motion in an invasive manner using a needle electrode. This method causes pain to the patient and only detects information related to the tip of the needle electrode [ 6 ]. On the other hand, although surface electrodes have a disadvantage in having high cross noise in the signal being measured and measuring the activity of muscles located at the core, the patient has no pain and simple to the tester because of non-invasive method of attaching electrodes to the surface.…”
“…Grosheva et al [ 18 ] Reported that nEMG was useful in assessing the prognosis of acute facial nerve palsy in a series of tests, and 14 days of onset were the appropriate time for testing because the neurological damage site can be identified after 14 days after the onset. However, nEMG causes pain in the patient due to the insertion of the electrode, and can be erroneous if not inserted correctly in a specific muscle [ 6 ].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In contrast, there is no pain induction, and the method is simpler than the conventional nEMG, which makes it easy to repeat measurement and follow-up because sEMG is a non-invasive method that attaches electrodes to the skin surface [ 5 , 6 , 8 ]. Nikolaus et al [ 19 ] Have proposed a new direction of facial sEMG studies by studying the facial EMG patterns of normal people using the sEMG devices, Kim et al [ 10 ] Suggested the possibility of sEMG as an assessment tool of facial nerve palsy by analyzing the correlation between sEMG and clinical assessment scale.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…EMG is an electrical measurement method for one unit of motion in an invasive manner using a needle electrode. This method causes pain to the patient and only detects information related to the tip of the needle electrode [ 6 ]. On the other hand, although surface electrodes have a disadvantage in having high cross noise in the signal being measured and measuring the activity of muscles located at the core, the patient has no pain and simple to the tester because of non-invasive method of attaching electrodes to the surface.…”
“…They were the same movements as those used in the examination of the HBGS. In addition, they show the highest EMG activity of the representative facial nerve innervated muscles [ 23 , 24 ]. Fig.…”
The current grading of facial nerve function is based on subjective impression with the established assessment scale of House and Brackmann (HB). Especially for research a more objective method is needed to lower the interobserver variability to a minimum. We developed a semi-automated grading system based on (facial) surface EMG-data measuring the facial nerve function of 28 patients with vestibular schwannoma surgery. The sEMG was recorded preoperatively, postoperatively and after 3–12 months. In addition, the HB grade was determined. After manual selection and preprocessing, the data were subjected to machine learning classificators (Logistic regression, SVM and KNN). Lateralization indices were calculated and multivariant machine learning analysis was performed according to three scenarios [differentiation of normal (1) and slight (2) vs. impaired facial nerve function and classification of HB 1-3 (3)]. The calculated AUC for each scenario showed overall good differentiation capability with a median AUC of 0.72 for scenario 1, 0.91 for scenario 2 and multiclass AUC of 0.74 for scenario 3. This study approach using sEMG and machine learning shows feasibility regarding facial nerve grading in perioperative VS-surgery setting. sEMG may be a viable alternative to House Brackmann regarding objective evaluation of facial function especially for research purposes.
“…Surface Eletromyography (sEMG) is a method for measuring the electrical signal of a motor unit and it is non-invasive and quantitative using surface electrodes. [ 4 ] In this study, sEMG of masseter muscle, which is known as associated with emotional tension and sensitive to temperature stimulation. Masseter muscle belongs to foot yangmyung meridian-muscle, which is highly related to the surface and the deep-depth abdomen.…”
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