A study of the greenhouse gas emissions from land reclamation activities in Jakarta Indonesia

Abstract

Land reclamation activities have direct and indirect impacts on the environment. Examples of direct impacts include coastal geomorphic alternations, changes in water chemistry and disturbances to the local natural ecology. Land reclamation processes also result in greenhouse gas emissions, from vehicle and machinery fuel use, and through the release of carbon stored in vegetation, soils, and the sediment in mangroves, seagrass, and other estuary ecosystems. Given the global extent of land reclamation activities, the scale of these emissions is of global interest. In this thesis, I derive an estimate of the carbon footprint of a major land reclamation project in Jakarta, Indonesia. The results reveal opportunities for emissions reduction initiatives, and cost savings, and in turn, inform better land reclamation development policy, both in Indonesia and internationally where settings are similar.

Biochemical composition, bioactivity, processing, and food applications of winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus): A review

“…Kecap is an Indonesian word used for soybean sauces, usually popular as a household seasoning agent. The winged bean-based kecap (Figure 3) was developed by Slamet et al (1980). For the preparation of kecap, the overnight soaked beans are cooked for 3 h. Cooked beans were sliced into tiny pieces, sterilized, cooled, and then inoculated with a spore suspension of Rhizopus oryzae and incubated at 30 C for 72 h. After that, the fermented beans were dehydrated for 48 h at 50 C temperature, followed by soaking in 20% brine for 4 weeks.…”