A study of the incidence of bovine tuberculosis in the wild red deer herd of Exmoor

Collard, Keith J.

doi:10.1007/s10344-022-01638-y

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The DPP VetTB test was also used by Busch et al [ 10 ] in a large, infected red deer ( Cervus elaphus ) herd in England—a study that demonstrated successive rounds of the skin test with supplementary antibody testing for skin test-negative and inconclusive skin reactors could clear TB. More recently, the test has been applied to culled red deer on Exmoor to assess seroprevalence [ 11 ]. The DPP VetTB test was described as having a sensitivity of 61.5–69.2% in wild boar piglets ( Sus scrofa ) in an endemic region of Spain [ 12 ], and 75% sensitivity in South African warthogs ( Phacochoerus africanus ) [ 13 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Antibody Tests for Mycobacterium bovis Infection in Pigs and Deer

Barton,

Robinson,

Middleton

et al. 2023

Veterinary Sciences

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This study addressed the need in Great Britain for supplementary blood tests for deer and pig herds under movement restrictions due to confirmed Mycobacterium bovis infection—to enhance the overall sensitivity and reliability of tuberculosis (TB) testing and contribute to an exit strategy for these herds. We evaluated four antibody tests (lateral flow DPP VetTB Assay for Cervids, M. bovis IDEXX ELISA, Enferplex Cervid and Porcine antibody tests and an in-house comparative PPD ELISA) using serum samples from defined cohorts of TB-infected and TB-free deer and pigs. TB-infected deer included two separate cohorts; farmed deer that had received a tuberculin skin test less than 30 days prior, and park deer that had received no prior skin test. In this way, we were able to assess the effect of the skin test anamnestic boost upon antibody test sensitivity. We tested a total of 402 TB-free pigs and 416 TB-free deer, 77 infected farmed deer and 105 infected park deer, and 29 infected pigs (including 2 wild boar). For deer, we found an equivalent high performance of all four tests: specificity range 98.8–99.5% and sensitivity range 76.6–85.7% for skin test-boosted infected deer, and 51.4–58.1% for non-boosted infected deer. These data suggest an overall approximate 25% increase in test sensitivity for infected deer following a skin test boost. For pigs, the tests again had equivalent high specificity of 99–99.5% and a sensitivity range of 62.1–86.2%, with substantial agreement for three of the four tests. Retrospective application of the ELISA tests to individual culled park deer and wild boar that showed no obvious evidence of TB at larder inspection identified a significant seropositivity within wild boar suggestive of low-level M. bovis infection that would otherwise not have been detected. Overall this investigation provided a robust evaluation of four antibody tests, which is essential to generate confidence in test performance before a wider deployment within TB control measures can be considered.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Antibody Tests for Mycobacterium bovis Infection in Pigs and Deer

Barton,

Robinson,

Middleton

et al. 2023

Veterinary Sciences

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“…Transmission of the bacterium typically occurs through direct contact with sick animals or by the intake of infected food and water. Humans can contract bovine tuberculosis through inhalation of airborne bacteria or consuming contaminated meat and dairy products (Collard 2023). The symptoms of bovine tuberculosis in cattle can vary but typically include chronic cough, loss of weight and decreased milk production.…”

Section: Bovine Tuberculosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoonotic Respiratory Diseases: Historic Impact and Emerging Threats

2023

IJAB

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Zoonotic respiratory illnesses have played a significant role in shaping human history and continue to pose global health challenges by crossing over from animals to humans. This abstract investigates the historical significance of diseases and the current dangers they pose, with a focus on specific examples and their consequences. Throughout history, respiratory pandemics that have caused widespread devastation have been triggered by infectious agents originating from various animal sources. The 1918 Spanish Flu, which originated from an H1N1 influenza A virus with mixed avian and swine origins, serves as a notable illustration of the effects of zoonotic respiratory illnesses. Tuberculosis, caused by a bacterial infection, has demonstrated the ability to cross from cattle to humans, showing zoonotic potential with Mycobacterium bovis. New dangers in the current world consist of illnesses such as MERS and Avian Influenza. MERS, which is caused by a type of coronavirus, has been connected to dromedary camels, emphasizing the ongoing danger of animals passing diseases to humans. Constantly looming threats, avian flu variants such as H5N1 and H7N9 originate from wild birds as their natural hosts. The effects of zoonotic respiratory diseases are displayed through the COVID-19 pandemic, which is a result of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Bats are thought to be the original source of the virus, and it is likely passed on to other animals before reaching humans. Confronting these difficulties requires a comprehensive and collaborative strategy. The integration of human, animal, and environmental health is essential for effective surveillance and mitigation strategies, known as the One Health approach. Effective collaboration on a global scale, sharing of data, and comprehending the factors involved in the transmission of zoonotic diseases are essential for preventing and managing these illnesses. In light of continued challenges with respiratory diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans, it is essential to take a proactive and multidisciplinary approach to safeguard human health from these changing dangers.

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Estimating the seroprevalence of tuberculosis (Mycobacterium bovis) infection in a wild deer population in southwest England

Jinks,

Hollingdale,

Avigad

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a major disease of cattle that is subject to an eradication strategy in England. To inform control policies and manage the epidemic, all potential sources of infection for cattle must be identified and understood. The causative agent of bTB,Mycobacterium bovis, has a wide host range including several deer species. While transmission between cattle and deer has been implicated in some localised endemic regions, the role of deer in the epidemiology of bTB in England is poorly understood. This paper presents the results of a serological survey to estimate the prevalence ofM. bovisin a large wild deer population in the High bTB Risk Area of southwest England. Blood samples were collected post-mortem over a 12-month period from wild deer during annual deer management controls in the Exmoor area and tested forM. bovisserum antibodies. Overall, 432 samples were collected and 69 (16.0%) were seropositive. The true seroprevalence in our sample was estimated to be 29.2% (95% CrI 21.1-38.6%), using Bayesian Latent Class Analysis to account for imperfect diagnostic test accuracy. Prevalence did not appear to differ between sexes nor between species, although the sample was predominantly red deer. The lowest prevalence was observed in animals aged under 1-year. Whilst these results provide valuable insights intoM. bovisseroprevalence in this wild deer population, they should be interpreted alongside other relevant information such as ecology, species-specific epidemiology and disease pathology, deer density and cattle management to inform potential transmission risks between cattle and wild deer.

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A study of the incidence of bovine tuberculosis in the wild red deer herd of Exmoor

Cited by 3 publications

References 52 publications

Evaluation of Antibody Tests for Mycobacterium bovis Infection in Pigs and Deer

Evaluation of Antibody Tests for Mycobacterium bovis Infection in Pigs and Deer

Zoonotic Respiratory Diseases: Historic Impact and Emerging Threats

Estimating the seroprevalence of tuberculosis (Mycobacterium bovis) infection in a wild deer population in southwest England

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