A Study of the Intelligence of Rural and Urban Children

Armstrong, Clairette P.

doi:10.2307/2961008

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…It is well-known that city-dwellers have more cosmopolitan attitudes than individuals living in rural areas (e.g., Maxwell, 2019), and there is some evidence to support that racial, religious, gender, and civic attitudes vary by U.S. region (Rice & Pepper, 1997), as do attitudes towards immigrants (Eger et al, 2021). Additionally, cognitive ability varies across states and regions (Carl, 2016;Pesta, 2022) and by urbanicity (Armstrong, 1931;Lehmann, 1959;Tine, 2014). Moreover, there is evidence of education, cognitive ability-related, and political view-related mobility between regions and rural and urban environments (Clark & Cummins, 2018;Gist & Clark, 1938;Jokela, 2014;Maxwell, 2019;Swinney & Williams, 2016).…”

Section: The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Robustness of the Relationship between Tolerance and Intelligence

Lasker¹,

McNaughtan²

2022

Preprint

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Introduction: Individual differences in intelligence have been repeatedly found to be positively related to tolerance towards, and support for, the rights of groups different from one’s own. These findings hold true even when considering groups individuals dislike. This relationship has been explained in terms of both direct effects – whereby more intelligent people form more cognitive and less visceral opinions about other groups – and indirect ones, where the relationship represents the effects of phenomena like education or urban living, that have also been argued to give rise to higher intelligence and greater tolerance for others. Methods: To assess the robustness of this association to a plethora of common alternative explanations, we conducted a Specification Curve Analysis with the data from the U.S.-based General Social Survey (Nspecification max >15000). This method fits all possible configurations of a model that are possible with a set of variables, making it uniquely well-suited for robustness testing. Results: We found that the relationship was almost wholly robust to many alternative explanations, and in those cases where the relationship became null, it was likely the result of small sample sizes for a given specification. Conclusion: Intelligence and tolerance are strongly and consistently related.

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Section: The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Robustness of the Relationship between Tolerance and Intelligence

Lasker¹,

McNaughtan²

2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The superiority of the urban child in verbal tests of intelligence tends to confirm the findings of previous investigations in this regard. 3 "* (4) In tests involving speed of performance, or in tests involving maximum time limits, the urban children tend to be superior to the rural children. 7 (5) From the results of this study there is an indication that the common assumption that one regional group is intellectually superior or inferior to another is unjustified.…”

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confidence: 99%