A Study of the Mechanism and Kinetics of the Sulphite Process

Calhoun, J.M.; Yorston, F. H.; Maass, O.

doi:10.1139/cjr39b-019

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…3) lends support to the peptizatioil theory of sulphonation proposed by Calhoun, Yorston, and Maass (22). The trends in Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Physicochemical Studies of Ligninsulphonates: Iii. Properties of Fractions Prepared by Successive Sulphonation of Periodate Lignin

Goring¹,

Rezanowich²

1958

Can. J. Chem.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Periodate lignin was sulphonated in stages by a series of short bisulphite coolcs. At each stagc the soluble ligninsulphonate was removed and purified: and the residue was resulphonatccl. 'The 14 fractions thus obtained had constant n~ethoxyl content and ultraviolet absorption coefficients. 'There was a gradual increase in the sulphur content as the integral reaction time increased, but 26% of the ligninsulphonate possessed a sulphur content of less than 3%. There was a marlced increase in both the intrinsic viscosity and rate of solution with increase in reaction time. 'The mechanism of the sulphonation reaction is discussed i n the light of these results. INTRODUCTIOXi\iIany uses of spent sulphite liquor depend on the colloidal and polyn~eric properties of ligninsulphonate (1, 2, 3, 4, 5). However, information on the size, shape, and configuration of the molecule is scarce.In an earlier paper in this series, Gardon and Mason ( 6 ) demonstrated that ligninsulphonates in spent liquor occurred in a wide range of molecular weights (from 4000 to 60,000). A similar co~lclusion was reached by NIcCarthy and co-worlters (7), who obtained fractions of ligninsulphonate having molecular weights from 400 to 130,000. In the sulphite process it is possible that the lignin becomes soluble as a uniform monodisperse material. This may be either degraded or condensed during later stages of sulphonation to give the polydispersity observed. I t is more likely, however, that lignins extracted a t various times during the reaction will differ considerably in molecular weight. The present worlt is an attempt to study the properties of soluble ligninsulphonates produced a t different stages of sulphonation.The problem was simplified by use of periodate lignin prepared by a method similar to that of Purves and co-workers (8, 9). Periodate lignin, like protolignin, is insoluble in most solvents, and undergoes many of the same reactions (10). The phenyl propane chain is probably not broke~l during periodate oxidation, although some methoxyl is lost. As a starting material for physical studies it is probably as suitable as any other isolated lignin.A kilogram of periodate lignin was prepared from white spruce. A large sample was coolted for successive short periods until most of the lignin was dissolved as sulphonate. After each stage of sulphonation the liquor and residue were separated. The residue was recoo1;ed and the soluble sulphonate was isolated from the liquor. The purified fractions were characterized by measurement of ultraviolet and visible absorption, methoxyl and sulphur content, and intrinsic viscosity.A parallel investigation based on the sulphonation of wood was published by McCarthy and co-worliers (11, 12) when this manuscript was in preparation. The results obtained are similar, although the present worlt is on an isolated lignin and is somewhat more detailed.'iManz~script received Marclz 31, 1058.

show abstract

“…3) lends support to the peptizatioil theory of sulphonation proposed by Calhoun, Yorston, and Maass (22). The trends in Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Physicochemical Studies of Ligninsulphonates: Iii. Properties of Fractions Prepared by Successive Sulphonation of Periodate Lignin

Goring¹,

Rezanowich²

1958

Can. J. Chem.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Dabei sei die Sulfonierung des Lignins die steuernde Reaktion und nicht die Hydrolyse der gebildeten Ligninsulfonsäure (95,96).…”

Section: Einfluß Des Reaktionsmittels Auf Die Komponenten Des Holzes unclassified

Entwicklung und Stand der Sulfitzellstoff-Erzeugung I

Wenzl¹

1963

Holzforschung

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Corey and Maass (1936) cooked two samples of spruce wood meal at several temperatures and assuming a first-order relation showed that variation in reaction rate with temperature followed the Arrhenius equation between 212°a nd 284°F. Calhoun et al (1939) showed that the rate of pulping is a function of liquor concentration as well as lignin content. Goldfinger (1941) analyzed the data of Corey and Maass (1936) and Calhoun et al (1939) and indicated that there is a change in the order of reaction during the cook.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Calhoun et al (1939) showed that the rate of pulping is a function of liquor concentration as well as lignin content. Goldfinger (1941) analyzed the data of Corey and Maass (1936) and Calhoun et al (1939) and indicated that there is a change in the order of reaction during the cook. Rawlings and Staidl (1925) were the first to study the effect of cooking aspen wood with a solution of sodium sulfite in the temperature range of 248°to 365°F.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic Study of Neutral Sulfite Pulping of Aspen Chips

chari¹

1968

Ind. Eng. Chem. Proc. Des. Dev.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A Study of the Mechanism and Kinetics of the Sulphite Process

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Physicochemical Studies of Ligninsulphonates: Iii. Properties of Fractions Prepared by Successive Sulphonation of Periodate Lignin

Physicochemical Studies of Ligninsulphonates: Iii. Properties of Fractions Prepared by Successive Sulphonation of Periodate Lignin

Entwicklung und Stand der Sulfitzellstoff-Erzeugung I

Kinetic Study of Neutral Sulfite Pulping of Aspen Chips

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About