The work is aimed at the study of theoretical and practical ascetics of innovative development of Russian enterprises. The author, based on the analysis of literary sources, justified the importance of innovative development of the economy, defined the concept of innovation and highlighted approaches to the study of the concept under consideration. On the basis of official statistical sources, the main trends in the innovative development of Russian enterprises in the period from 2017 to 2021 years at the federal and regional levels were considered. The role of innovation in the entrepreneurial sector is defined on the basis of the positions of scientists. The conclusion is made that in conditions of aggravating geopolitical situation the innovative development of entrepreneurial sector can be one of the main ways to ensure economic development and security in our country.