A Study of the Syndromes of Denial

Guthrie, Thomas C.

doi:10.1001/archneurpsyc.1952.02320210072007

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In an early investigation of patients with brain damage, Weinstein and Kahn (1955) concluded that patients' awareness distur-&SEWN6 AWARENESS OF DEFICITS 407 bance was attributed to lifelong patterns of defensiveness and an unconscious motivation "to be well" in the face of crisis. Other researchers have noted similar findings (Guthrie & Grossman, 1952;Levine & Zigler, 1975;Rosenthal, 1983;Taland, 1965).…”

Section: Ancillary Procedures In Assessing Altered Self-awarenesssupporting

confidence: 60%

Assessing awareness of deficits: Recent research and applications.

Campodonico¹,

McGlynn²

1995

Psychological Assessment in Medical Rehabilitation.

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t has been known for many years that brain damage can produce I profound changes in behavior, cognition, and physical functioning that can persist well beyond the acute phase of recovery. Patients are often unaware of these changes and minimize the impact of their limitations on everyday activity. Although some patients steadfastly deny any suggestion that they are impaired, others simply do not appreciate their deficits and exhibit unconcern, disbelief, or triviality when confronted by them. It then comes as no surprise that altered self-awareness creates a major obstacle in rehabilitation and psychosocial adjustment (Ben-Yishay et al., 1985;Bond, 1984;Bond & Brooks, 1976;Ford, 1976;. Moreover, unawareness may create serious problems for family members who have trouble managing patients (Lezak, 1978(Lezak, , 1988. Given these problems, routine assessment of awareness disturbances appears critical for effective treatment and aftercare planning.Unawareness of deficit generally refers to patients' lack of insight or appreciation of a particular deficit or cluster of impairments. The term unawareness is often used interchangeably with anosognosiu and denial of illness, despite differences in the original meanings of these designations (for review, see McGlynn & Schacter, 1989; Prigatano & Schacter, 1991). Impaired awareness can manifest in different forms, be produced in various kinds of brain damage, and differ with respect to the type of assessment procedure used

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Section: Ancillary Procedures In Assessing Altered Self-awarenesssupporting

confidence: 60%

Assessing awareness of deficits: Recent research and applications.

Campodonico¹,

McGlynn²

1995

Psychological Assessment in Medical Rehabilitation.

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“…As such, it allows one to escape unpleasant realities, and to protect or enhance mood by ignoring their existence (Hagopian, 1993;Sackeim, 1988). Similar interpretations of denial of illness as a coping, or adapting mechanism have been proposed by others (Beilin, 1981;Beisser, 1979;Connor, 1992;Dansak andCordes, 1978-1979;Dracup et al, 1995;Goldstein, 1939Goldstein, , 1942Guthrie and Grossman, 1952;Hackett and Cassem, 1970;Lockard and Mateer, 1988;Rosenthal, 1983; for a review of psychoanalytic perspectives on denial, see Lewis, 1991). Breznitz (1983) differentiated among seven kinds (stages) of denial which are selectively employed depending on the intensity, probability and imminence of the threat or danger.…”

Section: Deception and Self -Deceptionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Truthfulness, Deception and Self-Deception in Recovering True and False Memories of Child Sexual Abuse

Nachson

2001

International Review of Victimology

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The recovered-memory/false-memory debate focuses on theoretical issues pertaining to the plausibility of total repression, denial and subsequent full recovery of traumatic memories of childhood sexual abuse. Proponents and opponents of recovered memory therapy are divided in regard to the question whether recovered memories are true or false. Supporters of the 'recovered memory hypothesis', which states that memories of sexual abuse can be repressed and then recovered, consider the memories authentic, whereas supporters of the 'false memory hypothesis' who do not believe that total repression and subsequent full recovery are possible, consider the memories false. In the present paper a proposal is put forward to conceptualize the debate in terms of deception and self-deception. Within this framework, claimants of recovered memories of childhood sexual abuse might be considered truthful by supporters of the 'recovered memory hypothesis', and self-deceivers by supporters of the 'false memory hypothesis'. Self-deception is viewed as a split between a given cognitive subsystem and the rest of the system. The split must not necessarily be dynamically driven.

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“…The mechanism underlying these false beliefs still is a matter of debate. Psychological (Guthrie and Grossman, 1952;Weinstein and Kahn, 1955) as well as neurological (Babinski, 1918;Levine, 1990;Heilman, 1991;Frith et al, 2000) theories have been put forward. Several studies found that anosognosia occurs more commonly in right-than in left-braindamaged patients (Nathanson et al, 1952;Cutting, 1978;Starkstein et al, 1992;Pia et al, 2004) and with large lesions involving parietal, temporal, and frontal cortices (Bisiach et al, 1986;Levine et al, 1991;Starkstein et al, 1992;Ellis and Small, 1997) (for review, see Pia et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Awareness of the Functioning of One's Own Limbs Mediated by the Insular Cortex?

Karnath

Baier²,

Nägele³

2005

J. Neurosci.

337

224

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Normally, we are aware of the current functions of our arms and legs. However, this self-evident status may change dramatically after brain damage. Some patients with "anosognosia" typically are convinced that their limbs function normally, although they have obvious motor defects after stroke. Such patients may experience their own paretic limbs as strange or as not belonging to them and may even attribute ownership to another person and try to push their paralyzed limb out of bed. These odd beliefs have been attributed to disturbances somewhere in the right hemisphere. Here, we use lesion mapping in 27 stroke patients to show that the right posterior insula is commonly damaged in patients with anosognosia for hemiplegia/hemiparesis but is significantly less involved in hemiplegic/hemiparetic patients without anosognosia. The function of the posterior insular cortex has been controversially discussed. Recent neuroimaging results in healthy subjects revealed specific involvement of this area in the subject's feeling of being versus not being involved in a movement. Our finding corresponds with this observation and suggests that the insular cortex is integral to self-awareness and to one's beliefs about the functioning of body parts.

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A Study of the Syndromes of Denial

Cited by 16 publications

References 3 publications

Assessing awareness of deficits: Recent research and applications.

Assessing awareness of deficits: Recent research and applications.

Truthfulness, Deception and Self-Deception in Recovering True and False Memories of Child Sexual Abuse

Awareness of the Functioning of One's Own Limbs Mediated by the Insular Cortex?

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