A study of the thermomechanical behaviour of CFRP laminate using small-scale apparatus

Aspinall, Tim J.; Erskine, Emmajane L.; Taylor, Derek; Hadden, Rory M.

doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2022.116206

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The CFRP is a laminate sheet produced with a 57% fiber volume fraction. The laminate comprised four plies of woven bi-directional carbon fiber fabric bonded with bisphenol-based epoxy resin in combination with a hardener, according to the procedure reported in [ 32 ]. For this study, the laminate thickness is 1.5 mm.…”

Section: Experimental Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Saw et al [ 29 ] proposed a feasibility study of boron nitride on Li-ion battery casing to enhance thermal management, also paying attention to the effect of the surface roughness and the coating thickness on the heat transfer. However, there is no evidence in the literature of the use of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites that are largely widespread thanks to their excellent mechanical properties as low density, high specific strength, and modulus [ 30 , 31 , 32 ]. Hence, from the thermal point of view, there is room for a wide experimental investigation on carbon and graphene-based surface coatings for heat dissipation to preserve battery health and ensure a safe operation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon and Graphene Coatings for the Thermal Management of Sustainable LMP Batteries for Automotive Applications

Sequino¹,

Sebastianelli²,

Vaglieco³

2022

Materials

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The increment of battery temperature during the operation caused by internal heat generation is one of the main issues to face in the management of storage systems for automotive and power generation applications. The temperature strongly affects the battery efficiency, granting the best performance in a limited range. The investigation and testing of materials for the improvement of heat dissipation are crucial for modern battery systems that must provide high power and energy density. This study presents an analysis of the thermal behavior of a lithium-polymer cell, which can be stacked in a battery pack for electric vehicles. The cell is sheltered with layers of two different materials: carbon and graphene, used in turn, to dissipate the heat generated during the operation in natural convection. Optical diagnostics in the infrared band is used to evaluate the battery surface temperature and the effect of the coatings. Experiments are performed in two operating conditions varying the current demand. Moreover, two theoretical correlations are used to estimate the thermal parameters of the battery with a reverse-logic approach. The convective heat transfer coefficient h and the specific heat capacity cp of the battery are evaluated and provided for the Li-ion battery under investigation for different coatings’ conductivity. The results highlight the advantage of using a coating and the effect of the coating properties to reduce the battery temperature under operation. In particular, graphene is preferable because it provides the lowest battery temperature in the most intense operating condition.

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Section: Experimental Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon and Graphene Coatings for the Thermal Management of Sustainable LMP Batteries for Automotive Applications

Sequino¹,

Sebastianelli²,

Vaglieco³

2022

Materials

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“…7,[25][26][27][28][29] A few references compared the low-velocity impact behaviors of thermosetting and thermoplastic laminates at Room Temperature (RT) 1,2,30,31 and at low 4,[32][33][34] and high temperatures. 21,24,34,35 TP laminates usually demonstrate lower structural loss up to 200%, lower contact force by 14%, and lower absorbed energy by 48% compared to those of TS counterparts. They were characterized by a highly ductile behavior resulting in an extended plasticity in the interlaminar region and in matrix-rich regions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By means of macro- and microscopic observations and C-scan inspections, they investigated the relationships of impact response and damage with temperature. 35 They concluded that a temperature increase at temperatures higher than glass transition temperature results in decreasing the stiffness, the delamination area, and the permanent indentation. For instance, with specimens impacted at 15 J and 125°C, the permanent indentation and delamination were increased/decreased by 40 and 57%, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of temperature degradation on the low velocity impact behavior of hybrid thermoplastic PEEK laminates

Vieille

Coppalle

2023

Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials

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To evaluate the severity of thermal degradation on the impact response of carbon (C) and glass (G) fibers reinforced PolyEther Ether Ketone (PEEK) laminates, low velocity impact tests were conducted at a temperature higher than the glass transition temperature Tg (150°C) and after exposure to a kerosene flame (5-10-15′). The first important effect resulting from temperature increase was a reduction of the impact energy required to induce BVID (Barely Visible Impact Damage). The second effect was that matrix ductility (enhanced at T>Tg) contributes to significantly modify the permanent indentation. Not surprisingly, the plastic and viscoplastic deformation mechanisms being ruled by the PEEK matrix behavior at high temperature, the permanent indentation increases by almost 40% for all impact energies. Contrary to the external damage represented by permanent indentation, temperature has a tremendous influence on the internal damage as there was virtually no delamination in the CG/PEEK laminates impacted at Room Temperature (RT) and 150°C. At last, impact tests conducted on specimens exposed to a kerosene flame implied that the impact bearing capabilities of CG/PEEK laminates dramatically decreased after a 5′ exposure and became even critical after 10′ as perforation was observed. For 40 J impacts, the permanent indentation was multiplied by 3–9 with respect to the as-received specimens.

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“…Most of the studies available in the literature focus on the thermomechanical coupling in polymer-based laminates under temperature conditions lower than 200 C. To reproduce in situ service conditions, Aspinall et al have developed an approach for quantifying the thermomechanical bending behavior of seven plies of woven bidirectional carbon fiber fabric bonded with bisphenol-based epoxy resin laminates. [34] The proposed test method allows the coupled thermomechanical behavior, relating the mechanical performance degradation with the temperature gradient and hence the gradient in mechanical properties inside a composite material to be investigated. From the obtained results, they concluded that the failure is dominated by a large proportion of the specimen reaching the glass transition temperature at low heat fluxes (10 kW/m 2 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High temperature in situ impact testing of hybrid thermoplastic polyether ether ketone laminates

et al. 2023

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In order to evaluate the severity of thermal degradation on the impact response of carbon (C) and glass (G) fibers reinforced polyether ether ketone laminates, low velocity impact tests have been conducted at a temperature higher than the glass transition temperature (150°C). An instrumented Charpy pendulum (CP) equipped with a heating device was specifically designed to estimate its capability to perform low velocity impact tests at high temperature. The first important effect resulting from temperature increase is a reduction of the impact energy required to induce the barely visible impact damage (BVID), whose role is utmost important regarding the damage tolerance. The second effect is that temperature has also a tremendous influence on the internal damage as there is virtually no delamination at high temperature for impact energies. Finally, compared with the impact behaviors observed with the same laminates impacted with a drop tower and quasi‐static indentation, the impact velocity is about 2.5–3 times as low during CP impacts. As a result, slow loading rates are instrumental in increasing both the dissipated energies and the permanent indentation (PI) values (1.6–2 times as high) that are always higher than the BVID. Ultimately, as higher PI is usually correlated to higher impact damage tolerance.

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A study of the thermomechanical behaviour of CFRP laminate using small-scale apparatus

Cited by 9 publications

References 36 publications

Carbon and Graphene Coatings for the Thermal Management of Sustainable LMP Batteries for Automotive Applications

Carbon and Graphene Coatings for the Thermal Management of Sustainable LMP Batteries for Automotive Applications

Influence of temperature degradation on the low velocity impact behavior of hybrid thermoplastic PEEK laminates

High temperature in situ impact testing of hybrid thermoplastic polyether ether ketone laminates

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