A study of the urban malaria transmission problem in Khartoum

Sayed, Badria B El; Arnot, David E.; Mukhtar, Maowia M.; Baraka, Omer Z.; Dafalla, Asim A; Elnaiem, Dia-Eldin A.; Nugud, Abdel Hamid D

doi:10.1016/s0001-706x(99)00098-4

Cited by 46 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Evidences of hypoendemicity were found in this area, the mean prevalence was less than 10% , which is the limit for hypoendemicity and low spleen rate among 2-9-years old children did not exceed the limit of 10% (0.27%). Similarly, in Brazilian hypoendemic Amazon State, prevalences between 0.5 and 4.2% have been documented and spleen rate of less than 1% was also always detected among this age group [22,23] . In this study age and sex were not risk factors for malaria, this goes with the previous observations in Sudan [9,23] as well as in the neighbour Eritrea [24] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Similarly, in Brazilian hypoendemic Amazon State, prevalences between 0.5 and 4.2% have been documented and spleen rate of less than 1% was also always detected among this age group [22,23] . In this study age and sex were not risk factors for malaria, this goes with the previous observations in Sudan [9,23] as well as in the neighbour Eritrea [24] . A two years old child died because of severe malaria (repeated convulsions).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

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Epidemiology and Seasonal Pattern of Malaria in an Irrigated Area of Eastern Sudan

Himeidan¹,

Malik²,

Adam³

2005

American J. of Infectious Diseases

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Epidemiological patterns of malaria are widely different; such information can help programs to design interventions relevant to situation. This cohort study investigated the epidemiology of malaria in Dipaira camp, an irrigated area, in eastern Sudan during the period July 2004 to Jun 2005. At baseline, the relevant socio-demographic factors and the monthly malaria parasitological surverys were carried-out. Thirty-six (4.1%) out of 860 blood smears were found positive for malaria, 32 were P. falciparum and 4 were P. vivax. One child (two years old) died due to severe malaria (repeated convulsions). The mean malaria prevalence was 4.2 (95% confidence interval, 2.84-5.53) per 100 person-months (range, 0.0% -11.7 %), with two peaks in autumn (7.5 per 100 person-months) and cool dry seasons (4.6 per 100 person-months).The age and sex were not significantly different between the infected and non-infected groups. Thus, malaria in the area is highly seasonal with prevalence ranging between 0.00 to 11.7%. Efforts to control malaria should be designed to cover the end of the rainy season.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Epidemiology and Seasonal Pattern of Malaria in an Irrigated Area of Eastern Sudan

Himeidan¹,

Malik²,

Adam³

2005

American J. of Infectious Diseases

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“…O DDT foi muito efetivo contra os mosquitos transmissores da malária e da febre amarela, contra os piolhos que podem transmitir o tifo e contra as pragas de pulgas. [82][83][84][85][86][87][88] A Organização Mundial da Saúde (World Health Organization) estimou que os programas de redução da malária, nos quais um dos componentes utilizados foi o DDT, salvaram a vida de mais de 5 milhões de pessoas. Evidências indicam que, dentre as pessoas salvas, a maioria eram crianças residentes, principalmente, em regiões com índice elevado de pobreza, incluindo vários países do continente africano.…”

Section: História Dos Agrotóxicosunclassified

Resíduos de agrotóxicos em alimentos: uma preocupação ambiental global - Um enfoque às maçãs

Jardim¹,

Andrade²,

Queiroz³

2009

Quím. Nova

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This paper describes the use of pesticides in agriculture. Research has shown that significant quantities of pesticide residues have been found in many types of foods. Thus, an overview is given of pesticide residue determinations in fruits and vegetables, with special attention to apples. The toxicity and the adverse effects possibly caused by the exposure of these compounds are alerting the scientific community to develop studies about the validation of analytical methods for multiresidue pesticide determination in these samples. This review shows that pesticide-residue determination in apples is becoming a very important and challenging issue.

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“…Malaria transmission in this area is low and seasonal as in most of central and northern Sudan, but sporadic cases occur throughout the year. In suburban areas around Khartoum, Anopheles arabiensis, the sole malaria vector, is present throughout the year although vector density varies seasonally [El Sayed et al, 2000]. While no entomological data are available, the incidence of malaria in this area is less than in eastern Sudan, where the entomological inoculation rate was estimated to be around 2-3 infective bites per person per year [Hamad et al, 2002].…”

Section: Study Area and Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a Noninvasive Approach to Malaria Diagnosis: Detection of Parasite DNA in Body Secretions and Surface Mucosa

A-Elgayoum

El-Rayah²,

Giha³

2010

Microb Physiol

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Invasive procedures for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes bear a relative risk of transmission of serious blood-borne infectious disease. In this study, a noninvasive approach to malaria diagnosis using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of parasite DNA in saliva, buccal mucosa and urine (alternative samples) was examined. Saliva, buccal mucosa and urine samples were collected simultaneously with blood samples from 93 patients with microscopically confirmed Plasmodium falciparum infection. Species-specific primers detected the parasite DNA only in blood samples. However, when the PCR analysis was repeated using MSP1 and MSP2 primers in a subgroup of 21 complete sets of samples, the parasite DNA was detected in all except 3 samples, which were found to be negative with the MSP2 primers. Parasite density, body temperature or patient age did not influence the PCR results. In conclusion, P. falciparum parasite DNA was detected equally in saliva, buccal mucosa and urine of malaria patients, regardless of their ages, body temperatures or parasite density. Surprisingly, the parasite DNA was not amplified by species-specific primers in the alternative samples whereas it was in the blood samples.

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A study of the urban malaria transmission problem in Khartoum

Cited by 46 publications

References 11 publications

Epidemiology and Seasonal Pattern of Malaria in an Irrigated Area of Eastern Sudan

Epidemiology and Seasonal Pattern of Malaria in an Irrigated Area of Eastern Sudan

Resíduos de agrotóxicos em alimentos: uma preocupação ambiental global - Um enfoque às maçãs

Towards a Noninvasive Approach to Malaria Diagnosis: Detection of Parasite DNA in Body Secretions and Surface Mucosa

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