A study of the wear performance of TiN, CrN and WC/C coatings on different steel substrates

Vera, E.; Vite-Torres, M.; Lewis, Roger; Gallardo, E.A.; Laguna-Camacho, J.R.

doi:10.1016/j.wear.2010.12.061

Cited by 73 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…However, the carburizing process is well-known to induce surface stresses in steel. According to literature [48], these stresses could have a strong effect on the adherence of coatings and affect their wear resistance. Consequently, the "C2" process seems to be preferable because less carbon leads to the lowest stress level.…”

Section: Quantification Of Wearmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of the wear performance of duplex treated commercial low-alloy steel against alumina and WC balls

Beliardouh¹,

Nouveau²,

Walock³

et al. 2014

Surface and Coatings Technology

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is an open access repository that collects the work of Arts et Métiers ParisTech researchers and makes it freely available over the web where possible. The objective of this work is to study the improvement of the tribological properties of low alloy steel using a duplex treatment of low pressure carburizing and the deposition of a Cr-(WC-Co) coating by dual RF magnetron sputtering. The treatments result in a 500 μm thick carburized layer and a sputtered coating thickness of~2 μm. Tribological tests were made with a ball-on-disk tribometer under dry conditions with low load and low speed. The worn surfaces of the disk, the wear counterpart, and resulting debris were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, optical profilometry, and a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer. The wear performance of the samples was evaluated in terms of wear rates and friction coefficients during the sliding processes against two different counterparts. Experimental results have shown that sliding wear, of the investigated duplex treated low alloy steels, is strongly dependent on the counterface materials. Under testing conditions, the overall wear performance of a Cr-WC coating (Cr/W ratio of 1.12:1) deposited onto the surface of a carburized low alloy steel (0.61 wt.% C; HV = 654 ± 5) can be recommended as the best. The duplex-treated samples suffered severe, concentrated wear when against alumina. This wear is characterized by a combination of delamination, mild abrasion and oxidative wear. However, the wear mechanism seems to be oxidative and adhesive when against WC balls.

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Section: Quantification Of Wearmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of the wear performance of duplex treated commercial low-alloy steel against alumina and WC balls

Beliardouh¹,

Nouveau²,

Walock³

et al. 2014

Surface and Coatings Technology

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“…2,3,6,[8][9][10][11][12][13] While TiN is the most studied transition metal nitride and is used in all of the above applications, WN is relatively unexplored and its processing-structure-property relationships as well as its phase stability is not fully established yet. WN has potentially promising properties as its six valence electrons result in a high valence electron density with 3 electrons per formula unit occupying metal d-bands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vacancy-induced mechanical stabilization of cubic tungsten nitride

2016

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First-principles methods are employed to determine the structural, mechanical and thermodynamic reasons for the experimentally reported cubic WN phase. The defect-free rocksalt phase is both mechanically and thermodynamically unstable, with a negative single crystal shear modulus C 44 = -86 GPa and a positive enthalpy of formation per formula unit H f = 0.623 eV with respect to molecular nitrogen and metallic W. In contrast, WN in the NbO phase is stable, with C 44 = 175 GPa and H f = -0.839 eV. A charge distribution analysis reveals that the application of shear strain along [100] in rocksalt WN results in an increased overlap of the t 2g orbitals which causes electron migration from the expanded to the shortened W-W <110> bond axes, yielding a negative shear modulus due to an energy reduction associated with new bonding states 8.1-8.7 eV below the Fermi-level. A corresponding shear strain in WN in the NbO-phase results in an energy increase and a positive shear modulus. The mechanical stability transition from the NaCl to the NbO phase is explored using supercell calculations of the NaCl structure containing C v = 0-25% cation and anion vacancies, while keeping the N-to-W ratio constant at unity. The structure is mechanically unstable for C v < 5%. At this critical vacancy concentration, the isotropic elastic modulus E of cubic WN is zero, but increases steeply to E = 445 GPa for C v = 10%, and then less steeply to E = 561 GPa for C v = 25%. Correspondingly, the hardness estimated using Tian's model increases from 0 to 15 to 26 GPa as C v increases from 5% to 10% to 25%, indicating that a relatively small vacancy concentration stabilizes the cubic WN phase and that the large variations in reported mechanical properties of WN can be attributed to relatively small changes in C v .

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“…Usually, the employed carbides are produced through powder metallurgy (PM) and then the components are mixed and milled together using a binder material (usually organic type), spray-dried into agglomerates and then pressed for obtaining the green forms which are sintered to remove their porosity and at the same time to enhance their mechanical strength. In the case of materials that form short machining chips, like grey cast iron, the main important types of hard metals are WCCo, while employed in the case of materials that provide long machining chips, such as steels, WC-TiC-Co/WC-TiC-TaC-Co are employed [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40].…”

Section: Hard Metals: Overview and Some Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manufacturing, Composition, Properties and Application of Sintered Hard Metals

Peter¹,

Rosso²

2017

Powder Metallurgy - Fundamentals and Case Studies

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Among other materials, hard metals represent an important family of functional materials. They show properties that are combinations of those of their constituents. The general idea while using hard metals is to exploit their excellent properties in terms of hardness, toughness, wear resistance, and chemical stability. These characteristics made hard metals as promising candidate for use as a cutting tool, which constitutes their main area of application. Depending on the particular use, the most important properties can be achieved: (i) by properly selecting the constituents made up the whole composition, (ii) by varying the relative composition of the phases, or (iii) by applying a suitable hard metal coating layer on the top of the cutting tool. This chapter presents a general overview of the actual scenario concerning different tool materials, including a short history and description of state-of-the-art techniques as regards their composition, their manufacturing routes and their most important properties. Some results of the own research in this field are carried out during the years will integrate this part.

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A study of the wear performance of TiN, CrN and WC/C coatings on different steel substrates

Cited by 73 publications

References 8 publications

A study of the wear performance of duplex treated commercial low-alloy steel against alumina and WC balls

A study of the wear performance of duplex treated commercial low-alloy steel against alumina and WC balls

Vacancy-induced mechanical stabilization of cubic tungsten nitride

Manufacturing, Composition, Properties and Application of Sintered Hard Metals

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