At present, gas monitoring technology based on optical principle has been widely used in atmospheric environment, industrial emissions, smart city and other monitoring fields. For the requirement of high precision and high stability control of temperature and pressure of laser absorption spectroscopy measuring instrument, the temperature and pressure control scheme of the system is studied. The temperature and pressure control system is identified and the simulation model is established. The consistency of temperature and pressure models is 99.35% and 95.55% by using Process Models module to debug continuously. The simulation compares the output response curves of different control methods with the same step signal input, and the Fuzzy Adaptive PID parameter control algorithm achieves the design requirements in response time, overshoot and other aspects.