“…In the ossicular chain reconstruction, an artificial ossicle (AO) is installed into the middle ear. The prognosis of hearing recovery is affected by AO variations, including the material characteristics ( Jahnke and Plester, 1981 ; Grote et al, 1986 ; Beutner and Hüttenbrink, 2011 ; Shah et al, 2013 ; Jiang et al, 2017 ; Lahlou et al, 2018 ; Siddappa et al, 2019 ); mounting method ( Fleischer, 1991 ); and the shapes of specific geometries, such as the S-shaped prosthesis ( Seivur et al, 2022 ), ball-type structure ( Stoppe et al, 2017 ; Ren et al, 2020 ), C-shaped Shape memory alloys (SMA) prosthesis ( Latalski et al, 2017 ), the partial ossicular replacement prosthesis (PORP), and the total ossicular replacement prosthesis (TORP) ( Kelly et al, 2003 ). It has been found that some of these materials with low biocompatibility tend to be rejected by the body when they are placed in the middle ear.…”