A Study of Vitamin D and Calcium Level in Beta Thalassemia Major in Duhok Province

Abstract

β-thalassemia major is severe hemolytic anemia which requires repeated blood transfusion and for survival, which leading to iron overload. Serious complications due to iron over load are recognized in the thalassemia patients. objectives Vitamin D and calcium are important factors for homeostasis of calcium in this study. This study was conducted for a period of two year including from patients with β- thalassemia major from Duhok Thalassemia Centre between 2014 -2015. Thirty eighth β- thalassemia major patients and thirty eighth persons with age- matched as control group were enrolled in the study. Serum concentration of 25- hydroxy vitamin D and calcium were estimated by enzyme linked fluorescent assay and colorimetric method, respectively. In patients, the level of serum 25- hydroxy vitamin D was significantly lower 11.11±4.36 ng/mL compared with control group (14.03±5.96ng/mL). Vitamin D deficiency is observed about 94.73% in patients. The mean level of serum calcium in patients group is 7.9±0.47mg/dL and 8.98±0.77 mg/dL in control group. There was a statistically significant difference in serum calcium value between patients and control group. 44.73% of patients have hypocalcaemia. This study demonstrated a high prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency and low total serum calcium levels in thalassemia patients with a significantly lower than healthy group. Hypocalcemia and vitamin D deficiency may be results from the negative effect of the repeated blood transfusion and malnourishment.

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceptions Towards Beta-Thalassemia among Residents of Azad Kashmir, Pakistan

“…Thalassemia is prevalent in several countries, including India, Pakistan, Iran, and the Middle East. These countries also have significant religious populations that may be opposed to abortion (Ghanei et al, 1997;Karimi et al, 2007;Tasleem et al, 2007;Ali et al, 2019). However, not all religious groups are against abortion.…”

“…I nherited disorders of hemolytic anemia are known as Thalassemia which is the most common genetic disorder of the time It can manifest in various symptoms such as and Viprakasit, 2014;Sevindik, 2018;Sevindik et al, 2018;Sevindik, 2019). Besides these abnormalities, individuals with β-thalassemia major may also experience a variety of bone disorders, including spinal and bone deformations, delayed growth, and osteopenia or osteoporosis (Ali et al, 2019).…”

“…Current study was designed in the light of present scenario of beta-thalassemia in Pakistan particularly in the region of Azad Jammu and Kashmir reported by Shafique et al (2020). It was revealed during the study that several families residing in the area are suffering from thalassemia one way or the other due to caste system and inter marriages despite occurrence of many genetic disorders reported in the region (Ahmed et al, 2019;Ain-ul-Batool et al, 2019;Ali et al, 2019Ali et al, , 2020Shafique et al, 2020;Tariq et al, 2019;Umair et al, 2019). Therefore, it was important to determine the exact magnitude and determine the perception of people towards this disease for its timely prevention and eradication from the region.…”