A study of vitamin D levels and associated deficiency in pregnancy and its effect on maternal and fetal outcome

Abstract

Background: From conception the embryo is dependent on the mother for all nutritional requirements until birth. Vitamin D deficiencies have adverse effect on pregnancy outcome result in poor growth, prematurity, NTD, even congenital anomalies. The aim and objectives of the study was to assess the prevalence of deficiencies among pregnant woman attending M.Y. Hospital and assess the correlation with the pregnancy complications.Methods: Total 110 patients were studied for vitamin d levels and associated obstetrical complications and risk factors over a period of six months. 53 pregnant women were found to be deficient with vitamin D.Results: 53 pregnant women out of total of 110 were deficient in vitamin D levels. Maximum patients belonged to group (21-30yr) of age. Vitamin D deficiency was more in housewives (65.3%) and in urban(86.8%). Low birth weight<2.5kg were born 50(45.5%) and 2 IUD. 2 were diagnosed NTD in USG reports. 80% low birth weight babies were born in vitamin D deficient women.Conclusions: Our study fails to show a causal relation between low vitamin D level and adverse maternal and fetal outcome in terms of preeclampsia, cesarean delivery, oligo and diabetes. There was a relation between vitamin D deficiency and low birth weight babies.

Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in antenatal women

“…5 Vitamin D deficiency was significantly higher in subjects who were less exposed to the sunlight (99.62%). Similar results were there in the study conducted by Dave A et al, and Prasad D et al 8,9 Adequate exposure to the sunlight is essential for vitamin D production in our body and is markedly decreased in winters.…”

Correlation between Serum Vitamin D levels and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy in primigravida in third trimester

“…(Table 4) The mean age observed among the cases was 24.9±3.5 years and Vitamin D deficiency was more when the age was greater than and equal to 30 years (84.6%) when compared the population less than 30 years (65.4%). Goel P et al (2016) observed that the mean age among women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy was 25.48 years and that 83.3% of those subjects were Vitamin D deficient [10] Dave A et al (2017) observed that pregnant women below 30 years of age had higher odds of developing deficiency of Vitamin D compared to the older population [8]. The sunlight exposure was also considered based on the whether the woman's occupation involved outdoor (more exposure) or indoor (less exposure) work.…”

“…Obsgyne Review: Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Available online at: www.medresearch.in 22 | P a g e pregnancy [7]. But on the contrary Anupama Dave et al (2016) felt that there was no causal relationship between low vitamin D level and adverse maternal and neonatal outcome in terms of hypertension, anaemia, caesarean section rates, diabetes or bony pain [8]. Hence an effort was made to establish the relationship between serum level of vitamin D in hypertensive disorders in pregnancy and if a correlation exists between the serum level of vitamin D and the severity of hypertensive disorder in pregnancy.…”

Vitamin D deficiency and its correlation with pregnancy outcome

“…Merewood et al, study showed vitamin D deficiency has been associated with four-fold increased risk of primary caesarean section although this is not supported by all studies. 2 Dave et al, shows an association of vitamin D deficiency and caesarean deliveries 23.5% delivered by cesarean had vitamin D deficiency but this was not statistically correlated. 1 In this study 34.5% in deficiency, 18.2% in insufficiency had undergone primary caesarean section.…”

“…25(OH)D is the main circulating vitamin D metabolite and its serum level serves as a biomarker of the vitamin status. 2 High risks are vegetarians, limited sun exposure and ethnic minorities. Vitamin D (25 hydroxy D) is measured, normal 30 ng /ml.…”