A Study of Zinc Deficiency and Copper Excess in the Schizophrenias

Pfeiffer, Carl C.; Iliev, Venelin

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-366851-6.50012-0

Cited by 39 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Also, increased levels of copper and ceruloplasmin (copper-containing enzyme) inhibit the functioning of the enzyme hydroxytryptophan decarboxylase which decreases the production of the neurochemical transmitter serotonin. A state of hypercopremia appears associated with depression and perceptual disturbances in schizophrenias [27]. Lesser [28], has noted that excess copper can cause depression, feelings of alienation, irritability, and even paranoia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Level of Trace Elements (Copper, Zinc, Magnesium and Selenium) and Toxic Elements (Lead and Mercury) in the Hair and Nail of Children with Autism

Priya

Geetha

2010

Biol Trace Elem Res

276

145

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Autism is a multi-factorial pathology observed in children with altered levels of essential and elevated levels of toxic elements. There are also studies reporting a decrease in nutritional trace elements in the hair and nail of autistic children with healthy controls; moreover, bioelements have been shown to play an important role in the central nervous system. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to assess the levels of trace elements like copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), and selenium (Se) and toxic elements like mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb) in the hair and nail samples of autistic children and to evaluate whether the level of these elements could be correlated with the severity of autism. The subjects of the study were 45 autistic children with different grades of severity (low (LFA), medium (MFA), and high (HFA) functioning autism) according to Childhood Autism Rating Scale, n = 15 children in each group and 50 healthy children (age and sex matched). The boys and girls ratio involved in this study was 4:1, and they were 4-12 years of age. The study observed a valid indication of Cu body burden in the autistic children. The children with different grades of autism showed high significance (p < 0.001) in the level of copper in their hair and nail samples when compared to healthy controls. The level of Cu in the autistic children could be correlated with their degree of severity (more the Cu burden severe is autism). The study showed a significant elevation (p < 0.001) in the levels of toxic metals Pb and Hg in both hair and nail samples of autistic children when compared to healthy control group. The elevation was much pronounced in LFA group subjects when compared among autistic groups MFA and HFA. The levels of trace elements Mg and Se were significantly decreased (p < 0.001) in autistic children when compared to control. The trace element Zn showed significant variation in both hair and nails of LFA group children when compared to control group and other study groups. The significant elevation in the concentration of Cu, Pb, and Hg and significant decrease in the concentration of Mg and Se observed in the hair and nail samples of autistic subjects could be well correlated with their degrees of severity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Level of Trace Elements (Copper, Zinc, Magnesium and Selenium) and Toxic Elements (Lead and Mercury) in the Hair and Nail of Children with Autism

Priya

Geetha

2010

Biol Trace Elem Res

276

145

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show abstract

“…Zn also plays an important role in axonal and synaptic transmission and is necessary for nucleic acid metabolism and brain tubulin growth and phosphorylation (29). Since Zn is a necessary element for the normal functioning of superoxide dismutase and thymidylate synthase enzymes, raised Zn levels in patients with schizophrenia lead to increased antioxidative capacity and reduced oxidative stress.…”

Section: Serum Zinc and Copper Levels In Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of serum zinc and copper levels patients with schizophrenia: a preliminary study

Sharma¹,

Sood

Sharma³

et al. 2014

Sri Lanka J. Psyc.

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“…Examples include the assessment of the zinc nutritional status of Iranian dwarfs (Halstead, Smith and Irwin, 1972), zinc nutritional levels in children with proteincalorie malnutrition (Erten, Arcosoy, Cavdar and Cin, 1978), copper levels in *Reprint requests to: Dr P. J. Barlow (Pfeiffer and Iliev, 1972), lead levels in hyperactive children (David, Clark and Voeller, 1972), lead levels in children with chronic lead poisoning (Kopito, Byers and Shwachman, 1967) and reduced manganese levels in active epilepsy (Papavasiliou, Kutt, Rosal, Wang and Aronson, 1979).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%